How oil sands bitumen is produced (through mining or in situ methods) and how the crude is processed (either upgraded to synthetic crude oil, SCO, or diluted to produce dilbit) result in a range of crude properties with distinct downstream emissions.…
Abstract The work presented addresses the case of connections in pipe networks for crude oil transportation, using pumps to overcome negative differences of pressure. The studied systems are operated by controlling valves and pumps, and can be…
The growth in bitumen and synthetic crude oil (SCO) production in the Canadian oil sands industry has superseded pipeline capacity growth in recent years, leading to the increased interest in the transport of crude oil by rail to desired markets.…
In the present work, a 3D numerical study has been performed to investigate the core-annular flow of waxy crude oil/water in inclined pipes with a gradual expansion. Waxy crudes are highly viscous crude oils that exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior,…
Transportation of waxy crude oil confronts many difficulties due to the formation of gel in the production pipelines, which interrupts the steady production with low transportation efficiency and this later requires a higher pumping pressure to…
Crude oil is one of the most widely used energy sources and the most important commodities in the global economy. To illustrate the gap between crude oil trade and consumption, this study calculated the internal intensity of global crude oil…
Petroleum fuels the world economy but also burdens the environment due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Forty percent of annual global crude oil production is transported by ships, which are fueled by residual heavy fuel oil, yet GHG released…
In this paper, the effect of different viscosity and specific heat capacity on the gelation behavior of waxy crude oil was studied. The additional specific heat capacity method and the momentum source term method are used for numerical simulation.…
The rheological characteristics of unstable heavy crude oil-water dispersed mixtures were investigated to improve pipeline transportation. The viscosity of heavy crude oil is 5439 mPa s, and density is 955 kg/m3 at 30 °C. A series of factors,…
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) precipitation incidents often occur during pigging operations in crude oil pipelines, which result in the leakage of H2S with a high concentration at the site and seriously threaten the life and health of workers. To identify…
Different from the conventional transportation of oil-water mixtures, we proposed a method to reduce pipeline corrosion based on a concept of flow management, where the mixed fluids were firstly separated into oil and water and then a batch…
The safe transportation of waxy crude oil is a key in the field of pipeline gathering and transportation. The motion characteristics of an oil droplet in water for safe transportation are numerically analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model of…
The high viscosity of many asphaltic crude oils and the high pour points of many waxy crude oils present significant problems in their transportation over long distances by pipeline and tanker. While heating the oils and insulating the pipelines will…
The phase inversion point is of great significance for drag reduction in the flow of heavy crude oil. In this study, we used 25-mm inner diameter (ID) stainless steel pipes to investigate the oil-water flow characteristics of four heavy oils at five…
The mid-term electrical energy consumption forecasting for crude oil pipelines is helpful for making important decisions, such as energy consumption target setting, unit commitment, batch scheduling, and equipment monitoring with degraded…
With China's increasing role in the international political arena, it needs to focus on the diversification of its energy import routes. China is heavily reliant on importing fossil fuels for its industrial and domestic needs, and its traditional…
The terrorist attack on the Abqaiq oil plant in Saudi Arabia on September 14, 2019 attracted global attention to the significant role of safety and security in the sustainable oil and gas supply chain and the vulnerability of supply infrastructures…
The methane into the soil from buried natural gas pipelines due to small leakages, changes the soil properties, posing potential risks to humans and the environment. It is essential to estimate the leakage rate and monitor the methane diffusion range…
The rate of corrosion due to the presence of carbon dioxide in a carbon steel pipe is an important design consideration for gathering pipelines, particularly in the transport of wet natural gas. To evaluate the corrosion rate in a gathering pipeline,…
Environmental hydrogen embrittlement has become a non-negligible problem in the hydrogen blended natural gas transportation. To qualitatively study the degradation mechanism of X80 steel used in the natural gas pipelines, the slow strain tensile…
A methodology to quantify the economic risk of a natural gas transmission pipeline system is developed in this study, and the effect of the line pack is considered. The methodology is based on the risk theory and hydraulic analysis of the…
Accidental leakages in underwater natural gas pipelines pose significant risks for the environment. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the leakage rate and monitor the methane diffusion range outside the pipeline, which is challengeable due to…
This work aims to investigate the corrosion effect of different seawaters surrounding Peninsular Malaysia on the carbon steel of the petroleum/natural gas pipeline. The Tafel extrapolation technique has been applied to evaluate the corrosion rate of…
Two-phase flow in pipeline network plays a significant role in the gathering system of the offshore natural gas-condensate field. However, the study of the transient numerical simulation of pipeline network is insufficient for flow assurance.…
This paper deals with the analysis of hazards associated with accidental release of high pressure from gas-pipeline transportation system. Simplified equations which are related to the fluid properties, operating pressure, the diameter of pipeline,…
Leakage is a significant threat to gas pipeline reliability, causing serious safety incidents such as fire and explosion, which is determined by the leakage rate. Leakage rate estimation are critical to predict leakage level and take effective…
An integrated methodology to assess the gas supply reliability of a gas pipeline network considering stochastic demands is proposed in this study. Typical scenarios are selected based on the structural reliability calculated by probability theory and…
It is the primary responsibility of a gas pipeline company to satisfy the gas demand of customers and ensure the economical operation of its pipelines. This paper presents a stochastic multi-objective transient peak shaving optimization model that…
Corrosion has a huge economic and environmental impact on virtually all facets of the world’s infrastructure, from highways, bridges, and buildings to oil and gas, chemical processing, and water and wastewater systems. In addition to causing severe…
Natural gas pipeline leaks may cause considerable damage to people, properties, and the surrounding environment. This study investigates a dent leak in a gas pipeline in China that has operated for six years. The failure pipe section meets American…
This paper investigates the effects of more stringent environmental regulation—specifically, paying amortized abandonment fees as accrued and absolute liability for adverse events—on the safety performance of Canadian oil and gas pipelines. We…
Pipeline failure caused by Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC), also known as Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE), is a pressing issue for the oil and natural gas industry. Bursts in pipelines are devastating and extremely costly. The explosive force of a…
Oil and gas pipelines are safe and economic to petroleum products transportation. Nevertheless, enormous risk influencing factors are threatening the safety of these pipelines during the planning, construction and operations stages of these projects.…
The experiments described here are composed of two parts: the 2D scour below a fixed pipeline on a silty seabed under steady currents and the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastic-mounted pipeline over the scour trench. In the former, the…
We examined the Uganda section of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), especially the social and livelihood impacts from land acquisition. EACOP, which will cost over USD $3.5 billion in total, is intended to transport crude oil from Hoima in…
Natural resources plays efficient contribution in the human world in the way of consuming energy resources for the daily life cycle. The main concerns rely on the transporting oil from refining to the consumer usages through different modes. In the…
As the main way for the long-distance transportation of refined products, multi-products pipelines are of vital importance to the regional energy security. The supply reliability evaluation of multi-product pipeline systems can improve the effective…
In the field of oil and natural gas gathering and transportation, the pipeline is likely to be span under the geological load. With the influence of gravity, internal pressure and other additional loads the stress concentration at the variable wall…
Pipeline plays an important role in the oil and gas transportation industry. In recent years, more and more pipeline damages and breakdowns are caused by corrosion, which hurts the normal operation. Accurate prediction of the pipeline's corrosion…
Predicting an accurate startup pressure for gelled waxy crude oils in pipelines is an old challenge yet to be overcome. It is known that the conventional force balance grossly overestimates the minimum axial pressure gradient required. Some…
Restart of gelled waxy crude oil pipeline is one of the major flow assurance concern in petroleum production. Reliable representation of rheological behavior of gelled waxy crude oil serves as the basis for pipeline restart analysis and modeling. In…
A failure of a subsea crude oil API 5L X52 welded steel pipeline with an 18-inch outside diameter has caused oil leakage and this event was reported after 20 years in service. Based on the post-failure investigation, it was found that there was a…
Sand-induced corrosion and scaling of petroleum pipes is a serious situation that barely knows any solution by conventional or new methods of corrosion control. This is because, the mechanism behind sand corrosion and scaling of petroleum pipes is…
The aim of this study is to simulate the flow of emulsion (immiscible liquids) which is a complex phenomenon in the petroleum industry. In this study, three types of emulsions (O/W) were simulated using by CFD which has been applied to predict the…
In this paper, two small but practical case studies are presented that demonstrate the utility of detailed petroleum fingerprinting in investigating known or suspected pipeline releases. The two cases involve: (1) a known release of automotive…
The mechanisms by which hydrates deposit in a petroleum production-line are probably related to pipeline surface properties, e.g. pipeline material, surface energy and roughness. In this work, the wettability alteration of pipeline surfaces from…