Fractionation
Title
Fractionation
Collection Items
Experimental and artificial neural network based analysis of solvent blends for dewaxing of crude oil
Sustainability in flow condition by maintaining the pour point and cloud point in storage and transportation of crude oil is always a challengeable task for petroleum industry. Thus solvent dewaxing is an effective process used in oil refinery for…
Identification of genotoxic compounds in crude oil using fractionation according to distillation, polarity and Kow
We examined the degree of DNA damage caused by fractions of crude oil in accordance with the boiling points, polarity and log Kow. Relatively high DNA damage was observed in the aromatic fraction (290–330°C) and resin and polar fraction (350–400°C).…
Stable carbon isotope fractionation of individual light hydrocarbons in the C6–C8 range in crude oil as induced by natural evaporation: Experimental results and geological implications
The natural evaporation of a condensate from the Tarim Basin in northwest China was conducted at room temperature to investigate the stable carbon isotopic fractionation of individual light hydrocarbons (LHs) in the C6–C8 range. Our results show that…
Determination of volatile and non-volatile nickel and vanadium compounds in crude oil using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after oil fractionation into saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes
In recent work, it has been shown that electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) can be used to differentiate between volatile and non-volatile nickel and vanadium compounds in crude oil. In the present work, the distribution of these…
Anaerobic degradation and carbon isotopic fractionation of alkylbenzenes in crude oil by sulphate-reducing bacteria
A mesophilic enrichment culture of sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from the water phase of a North Sea oil tank using oil from the same tank as sole source of carbon and energy specifically depletes certain C1–C5 alkylbenzenes in crude oil during…
Molecular profiling of crude oil by using Distillation Precipitation Fractionation Mass Spectrometry (DPF-MS)
Molecular profiling of crude oil is a tremendous challenge due to its inherent complexity. An accurate molecular fingerprint of a crude oil may facilitate rational design of crude oil recovery efforts, such as enhanced oil recovery, improve the…
A kinetic model for thermally induced hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation of individual n-alkanes in crude oil
A quantitative kinetic model has been proposed to simulate the large D and 13C isotope enrichments observed in individual n-alkanes (C13–C21) during artificial thermal maturation of a North Sea crude oil under anhydrous, closed-system conditions.…
Novel retrofit designs using a modified coordinate descent methodology for improving energy efficiency of natural gas liquid fractionation process
Tough environmental regulations, intense competition, expensive fossil energy use, and the strong growth predictions of the natural gas market have prompted efforts to retrofit the existing purification processes to reduce their energy requirements.…
Modelling isotope fractionation during primary cracking of natural gas: a reaction kinetic approach
A numerical model has been developed to compute stable carbon isotope variations in natural gas (methane) by calculating 13CH4 and 12CH4 generation as a set of parallel first-order reactions of primary cracking. The goal of this work was to combine…
Retrofitting Options for Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) Fractionation Trains Using the Concept of Single Column Development
Heat pump assisted distillation (HPAD) system and self-heat recuperation technology (SHRT) have been developed as a result of intensive research to reduce energy consumption of a conventional distillation system. To determine a suitable system for…
Natural gas–ammonia dual-fuel combustion in spark-ignited engine with various air–fuel ratios and split ratios of ammonia under part load condition
Considering the revised standards pertaining to the regulations on the carbon dioxide emissions of marine engines by international maritime organizations, the use of low- or zero-carbon fuel is necessitated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the…
Performance investigation of adding clean hydrogen to natural gas for better sustainability
This paper presents a novel system of adding clean hydrogen to the natural gas for more effective and more efficient combustion. The proposed system includes a wind-photovoltaic hybrid system where both wind and solar energy sources are…
Investigation of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures for exergy storage in a piston engine
The conversion of mechanical to chemical energy offers an option for long-term and versatile energy storage. It was already proven that piston engines can be used as flexible reactors for energy conversion. Here, a novel method for energy conversion…
Gas anti-solvent fractionation of natural products
Publisher Summary Gas anti-solvent fractionation (GAS) is a relatively new separation technique that utilizes the anti-solvent power of a near-critical gas when dissolved in organic solvents. The solubility of the gas, in the solvent, increases with…
A comprehensive study on using new hydrogen-natural gas and ammonia-natural gas blends for better performance
This study presents a novel configuration using the hydrogen-natural gas and ammonia-natural gas blends for practical applications and investigates the system performance comprehensively. Natural gas is blended with hydrogen and ammonia to…
Kinetic nitrogen isotope fractionation associated with thermal decomposition of NH3: Experimental results and potential applications to trace the origin of N2 in natural gas and hydrothermal systems
Ammonia (NH3) is the major intermediate phase in the pathway of nitrogen (N) transfer from the fixed N phases (e.g., in crustal material) to free N2 (e.g., in natural gas reservoirs and volcanic gases). Yet the N isotopic behavior during these…
Genetic and post-genetic molecular and isotopic fractionations in natural gases
From molecular and isotopic data obtained with a new separation technique, and from published data, it is possible to discuss the relative importance of genetic and post-genetic molecular and isotopic fractionations affecting natural gases. Using a…
Isotope fractionation of methane during natural gas flow with coupled diffusion and adsorption/desorption
Fractionation of carbon isotopes of methane in natural gas due to mass transport is evaluated based on statistical thermodynamics, microkinetics and fluid dynamics analysis. A continuum flow model with coupled adsorption/desorption and diffusion is…
Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems
Based on quantum chemistry calculations for normal octane homolytic cracking, a kinetic hydrogen isotope fractionation model for methane, ethane, and propane formation is proposed. The activation energy differences between D-substitute and…
Lithium isotope fractionation during magma degassing: Constraints from silicic differentiates and natural gas condensates from Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Réunion Island)
Recent volcanic products from the Piton de la Fournaise Volcano, Reunion, show pronounced depletion or enrichment in lithium and significant isotopic fractionation related to degassing. (1) trachytic pumices from the April 2007 eruption show extreme…
Numerical simulation of nanodroplet generation of water vapour in high-pressure supersonic flows for the potential of clean natural gas dehydration
The present study evaluates the potential of clean natural gas dehydration using nonequilibrium condensations in high-pressure supersonic flows. A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to study the formation of massive nanodroplets due to…
Use fractionation unit to increase natural gas recovery rate
In recent years, due to the reduction of the amount of raw material gas and the change of equipment parameters, the liquefied natural gas recovery rate is reduced. According to the existing problems, the system needs to be optimized to improve the…
Unique chemical and isotopic characteristics and origins of natural gases in the Paleozoic marine formations in the Sichuan Basin, SW China: Isotope fractionation of deep and high mature carbonate reservoir gases
Large quantities of natural gases have recently been discovered in the marine carbonate formations in the Sichuan Basin, southern China. The origins and isotopic compositions of the gases are poorly understood and highly controversial. We examined…
Chemical and carbon isotope fractionations of alkane gases desorbed from confined systems and the application toward shale gas reservoir
Adsorption and desorption processes of shale gas possess particular characteristics compared to conventional natural gas. Previous studies conducted desorption experiments on fresh core samples to investigate the isotope and chemical fractionations…
Isotopically light methane in natural gas: bacterial imprint or diffusive fractionation?
The evaluation of the economic importance of bacterial methane is still a matter of discussion, linked to the evolution of the geochemical understanding. Methane occurrence or accumulations with light isotopic ratios, both for carbon and hydrogen,…
Mechanisms of carbon isotopic fractionation in the process of natural gas generation: Geochemical evidence from thermal simulation experiment
Low maturity coal samples were taken from the Ordos Basin to conduct gold tube thermal simulation experiment in a closed system, and the characteristics of the products were analyzed to find out the fractionation mechanism of carbon isotopes and the…
Development of renewable energy system integrated with hydrogen and natural gas subsystems for cleaner combustion
This paper proposes a novel integrated system for hydrogen and natural gas blending system for a selected residential application. In the current system, hydrogen is generated via an alkaline water electrolyzer unit, and the electricity required for…
Carbon isotope fractionation during natural gas generation from kerogen
In petroleum exploration it is important to be able to determine the origin of any gas which is found. This paper describes a new method of estimating the source-type and maturity of a gas based on a Rayleigh fractionation model. Kerogen is divided…
Effects of hydrogen enrichment on the combustion and emission characteristics of a turbulent jet ignited medium speed natural gas engine: A numerical study
The combination of hydrogen enrichment and pre-chamber initiated turbulent jet ignition was proposed to improve the combustion and performance of large bore gas engines. In order to clarify the effects of hydrogen enrichment level on the combustion…
Colloidal gas aphrons based separation process for the purification and fractionation of natural phenolic extracts
Following previous studies, the aim of this work is to further investigate the application of colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) to the recovery of polyphenols from a grape marc ethanolic extract with particular focus on exploring the use of a non-ionic…
Chapter 11 - Petroleum, Complex-Mixture Fractionation, Gas Processing, Dehydration, Hydrocarbon Absorption and Stripping: Part 2: Fractionation
Publisher Summary Crude oil distillation is a large energy consumer and a large waste generator, so refiners need to balance the economics of processing crude oil to viable fractions. The thermodynamics of multicomponent distillation applies to…
Molecular components-based representation of petroleum fractions
Characterisation of petroleum fractions is the systematic analysis and representation of composition and properties of petroleum fractions. Characterisation methods play an important role in understanding of the physical and chemical behaviour of a…
Fractionation of petroleum during expulsion from kerogen
Polymer solution parameters, δ, were calculated for the most common petroleum compounds, and a relative solubility scaleof hydrocarbons in kerogen was established. The scale predicts the expulsion behaviour of these compounds and can be used as a…
Evaluation of genotoxic responses of Chaetoceros tenuissimus and Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons as biomarker of exposure
Genotoxic responses towards chronic exposure of Chaetoceros tenuissimus and Skeletonema costatum to water accommodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons (WAF-P) were evaluated as biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution. The DNA damage caused…
Differential fraction-based kinetic model for simulating hydrodesulfurization process of petroleum fraction
A differential fraction-based kinetic model (DFKM) was proposed to simulate the reaction process in view of the extremely large number of compounds in the petroleum fraction. The results of the simulation experiment on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS)…
Hydrogen isotopic fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons during vaporization: implications for assessing artificial and natural remediation of petroleum contamination
Compound-specific H isotope analysis has been used to monitor bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the success of this approach requires a full evaluation of the isotopic effects resulting from evaporation, because light petroleum…
Insight into ex-situ thermal desorption of soils contaminated with petroleum via carbon number-based fraction approach
Ex-situ thermal desorption treatment (ESTD) of petroleum contaminated soil (PCS) was developed to investigate the desorption behavior of five carbon number-based fractions of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPHs) and the morphology changes of…
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the petroleum ether fraction from the ethanol extract of Desmodium podocarpum
Ethnopharmacological relevance Desmodium podocarpum is a plant that has been used in the folk medicine to treat febrile diseases, cough and bleeding wounds. However, there is no scientific basis or reports in the modern literature regarding its…
An accurate model for predictions of vaporization enthalpies of hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions
Vaporization enthalpy is an essential property in various areas of science and engineering applications such as optimizing the transportation processes, designing the oil and gas production and processing facilities, and heat flux calculations. This…
Ultra-fast gas chromatographic with flame ionization detector (UFGC-FID) and sonication methods for determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons fractions and BTEX in soil
In the environmental monitoring at gas stations, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), are determined to verify soil contamination. However, the determination by…
New trend for the pour point depression of a waxy petroleum fraction with in-situ desulphurization using (O2H & OH) radicals coupled with nanoparticles of titanium compounds
The depression of pour point of a petroleum fraction with high wax content is commonly based on either the dispersion of the long chain paraffins using some dispersive materials or via the cracking of these paraffins into short chains. In line with…
Molecular reconstruction: Recent progress toward composition modeling of petroleum fractions
Molecular reconstruction is popular in current oil refinery modeling. It aims to understand the refining process from the molecular level, to predict product properties accurately, to optimize the processes, and to increase the value of each…
Sulfur removal from hydrotreated petroleum fractions using ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process
Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process was applied to diesel oil and petroleum product feedstock containing model sulfur compounds (benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and dimethyldibenzothiophene). The influence of oxidant amount,…
Challenge in the speciation of nitrogen-containing compounds in heavy petroleum fractions by high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Extending the knowledge related to nitrogen-containing compounds presents an important interest for the petroleum industry due to their implication in atmosphere pollution as well as their inhibitive or refractive behaviour towards hydroprocessing.…
Correlations towards prediction of petroleum fraction viscosities: a semi-theoretical approach
A new semi-theoretical method based on Enskog's hard sphere theory for dense fluids and the principle of corresponding states is presented for predicting viscosity of petroleum fractions (C5–C15) at 40°C under atmospheric pressure. Viscosities,…
A Simple Thermal Conductivity-Temperature Correlation for Undefined Petroleum and Coal Liquid Fractions
A simple correlation, requiring the specific gravity as the only input, is found to predict the thermal conductivity of undefined petroleum and coal liquid fractions with comparable or better accuracy than other methods. The correlation was derived…
Occurrence of stable and mobile organic matter in the clay-sized fraction of shale: Significance for petroleum geology and carbon cycle
Stability and mobility of organic matter (OM) in shale is of great significance for the carbon cycle and petroleum exploration and exploitation. To examine the stability and mobility of OM occurrence in shales, clay-sized fractions (