Vanadium oxide reduction follows a step-by-step transformation process. The stability of vanadium oxide follows the order: VO>V2O3>VO2>V2O5. The critical reduction temperature is calculated from the thermodynamics for VO (1866.9K), V2O3 (1464.9K),…
Preventing humanity from serious impact of climate crisis requires carbon neutrality across all economic sectors, including steel industry. Although fossil-free steelmaking routes receiving increasing attention, fundamental process aspects,…