Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review
Title
Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review
Subject
annular flow
crude oil pipelining
crude oil transportation
crude oil-in-water emulsion
drag reduction
viscosity reduction
Description
The transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils from the head-well to the refinery is becoming important since their production is currently rising all over the world. Such oils are characterized by a low API gravity (<20) and high viscosity (>103cP at 298.15K) that render difficult oil flow through pipelines. Conventional technology pipelining is designed for light and medium oil crudes, but the pipelining of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils may be challenging because of their high viscosities, asphaltene and paraffin deposition, increasing content of formation water, salt content and corrosion issues. In this paper, the current and innovative technological solutions covering viscosity and friction reduction to move such crude oils from the production site to the processing facilities are thoroughly discussed.
3
75
Publisher
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering
Date
2011-01-01
Contributor
Martínez-Palou, Rafael
Mosqueira, María de Lourdes
Zapata-Rendón, Beatriz
Mar-Juárez, Elizabeth
Bernal-Huicochea, César
de la Cruz Clavel-López, Juan
Aburto, Jorge
Type
Journal Article
Identifier
NZYMDHCD
0920-4105
10.1016/j.petrol.2010.11.020
Collection
Citation
“Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review,” Lamar University Midstream Center Research, accessed May 8, 2024, https://lumc.omeka.net/items/show/338.