Transportation

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Transportation

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The ability to transfer crude oil through pipelines from wellhead to refinery without any complication is dealt with midstream flow assurance. Crude oil deposits are found in reservoir under high temperature and pressure which when extracted and…

Oil-in-water emulsions have been proposed as an emergent technology to transport viscous heavy crude oils. In this work, pipeline flow properties of heavy oil–in–water emulsions and their feasibility to reduce the elevated pressure drop related to…

Operating temperatures have major impacts on wax deposition. Although significant research efforts have been expended on this topic, no satisfactory agreement has been achieved in the available literature. In the present work, we conducted cold-flow…

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) were evaluated as clean flow improvers for crude oil. The results showed that all of them have some effect on the…

A novel flow improver, the copolymer of octadecyl acrylate, styrene, and maleic anhydride (OASA), was prepared by copolymerization and esterification reaction to study its viscosity-reducing effect on bitumen based its existing application on crude…

We studied the rheological properties of heavy oil-in-water emulsions with the final goal of decreasing the high viscosity of oil in pipeline transportation. The emulsions containing 3% silica or 5% montmorillonite were stabilized by Triton X-100.…

Given the combination of rising global energy demand and the decline in conventional crudes, heavy crudes are generally considered to be the future energy resource. In many regions of the world, heavy crude oil must be transported through pipelines…

Spontaneous combustion risk of sulfurized rust is the main cause of fire and explosion accidents during crude oil storage and transportation. In order to analyze the effect of crude oil on the thermal behavior of sulfurized rust, thermos-gravimetric…

This chapter deals with the general introduction to corrosion in petroleum product pipelines. It explains the brief history of the causes of corrosion and the importance of developing a new class of corrosion inhibitors, along with their potential…

A vulnerability analysis of the transportation capacity of a natural-gas pipeline network based on network flow was proposed. This analysis focused on the inherent properties instead of the environment and probabilities, which are usually considered…

Abstract: Pipeline networks are the primary means of natural gas transmission, and assessing the gas supply reliability is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of pipeline networks. However, current assessment researches for the…

Navigation via the Northern Sea Route (NSR) requires specific vessels in comparison with the Suez Canal Route (SCR). We develop a profit decision model that defines the best option mixing the shipping lane (NSR or SCR) and the ice-class of the vessel…

Salaya Mathura Pipeline (SMPL) is one of the major crude oil pipelines in India stretching over a length of 1870Km Starting from Salaya (near Vadinar) in Jamnagar district on the coast of Gujarat totransport crude oil to Indian Oil refineries at…

Based on the characteristics of short transmission and distribution distance, large fluctuation angle and intermittent operation, the corrosion of pipelines of crude oil storage and transportation unit transporting crude oil to refinery processing…

An inventory routing problem in crude oil transportation is studied, in which crude oil is transported from a supply center to multiple customer harbors to satisfy their demands over multiple periods. In the problem, a heterogeneous fleet of tankers…

For short-term scheduling of crude oil operations, oil residency time and high fusion crude oil transportation constraints are difficult to model. With high setup cost for high fusion point oil transportation, it is desired that the volume of such…

The international crude oil maritime transportation system has always been disturbed by the external environment and its own mechanism of supply and demand, which can sometimes last for a long time. BDTI (Baltic Exchange Dirty Tanker Index) is one of…

In order to ensure the crude oil pipeline process smoothly, the driving force has a certain exergy loss. Based on the exergy analysis method, according to the required minimum potential difference of pipeline transportation, the unavoidable exergy…

In this paper, we investigate the contracting behaviour of participants in the spot freight market for tankers by analysing the positioning of vessels at the time of fixture. For that purpose, we create a new dataset obtained by merging spatial ship…

Reducing the crude oil viscosity is important for the oil production and transportation. The micro–nanotechnology of viscosity reduction associated with electric field is found to be universal, working for all kinds of crude oil, including asphalt…

Wax deposition and gel formation have been crucial problems to the oil industries. The deposition of waxes would lead to gelation which blocks flow in pipelines and interrupts steady production of oil at offshore fields. The plugged gel needs to be…

Maritime transportation, the primary mode for intercontinental movement of crude oil, accounts for 1.7billion tons annually – bulk of which are carried via a fleet of large crude oil tankers. Although spectacular episodes such as Exxon Valdez…

This paper employs the mixed-frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) to assess the causal relationship between geopolitical risk (GPR) and crude oil security (COS) for China. In contrast to prior papers, we regard GPR as an independent variable…

We propose a column generation based heuristic algorithm to solve a ship routing and scheduling problem for crude oil transportation with split deliveries. The problem is to find an optimal assignment and sequence and loading volume of demand…

In the development of programs for delivering crude oil to Southern Europe, it is necessary to determine the trends in crude oil delivery and production and to analyze the capabilities of the crude oil transportation system. The global trend towards…

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures in preventing the formation of waxy sediments, and to assess its impact on some crude oil physical properties. By functionalization of graphene oxide…

In order to clarify the relations between the different initial states and safety of pipeline shutdown during the forward and reverse transportation process. Analyze the flow state and innovatively divide forward and reverse transportation process…

A heavy crude oil was characterized in view of the recent commercial exploitation of Doba oilfield in landlocked Chad from where the crude oil is extracted and expected to be routed to the Atlantic shore through pipeline transportation. The elemental…

The emulsification of heavy crude oil is the most economical way to transport it through offshore pipelines. In this research article, distinct oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions were developed from an Indian heavy crude oil using…

The maritime oil tanker routing and scheduling problem is known to the literature since before 1950. In the presented problem, oil tankers transport crude oil from supply points to demand locations around the globe. The objective is to find ship…

Different methods of reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil to enhance the flow properties were investigated. Experimental measurements were conducted using RheoStress RS100 from Haake. Several factors such as shear rate, temperature and light oil…

Controlling the paraffin deposition is one of the most serious and costly problems for high-paraffin crude-oil production and transportation. This holds especially for offshore, deep-water wells and pipelines, like in Vietnam. For finding solutions…

The transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils from the head-well to the refinery is becoming important since their production is currently rising all over the world. Such oils are characterized by a low API gravity (103cP at 298.15K) that…

Abstract Crude oil is primarily transported through sea using very large tankers. Efficient scheduling of these tankers is challenging as well as critical given long lead times, tight delivery time windows and high operational costs. We attempt to…

The present work deals with studying the various factors affecting the stability and viscosity of a surfactant-stabilized viscous crude-oil-in-water emulsion for pipeline transportation. The study revealed that the stability of the oil-in-water…

Wax precipitation affects the normal transportation of crude oil pipeline. Wax is generally removed by hot washing. Reducing energy of hot washing is the key to the security and energy-saving operation. It is necessary to reveal the heat transfer…

Energy consumption plays a dominant role in the technical and economic indicators of pipeline operation, and is greatly influenced by operation schemes. However, the conventional energy consumption model is often analyzed from the perspective of…

Superamphiphobic materials are helping with urgent issues due to increasing industrial oil transportation, as well as common oil pollution, which has triggered large interest owing to their high application value and practicability. However, they are…

The oil tanker shipping market always presents periodicity following varied laws in different periods. However, most of the studies on the tanker freight rate market are short-term projections, while those on its long-term periodicity characteristics…

Stable concentrated oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and their application for heavy oil pipeline transportation was investigated using very viscous Malaysian heavy crude oil. Two Malaysian heavy crude oil samples, Tapis and a blend of…

Rail crude oil shipments have witnessed a steady increase over the past decade, which underscore the long-term viability of this transport mode. Although incidents involving these shipments could be catastrophic, having link-level information could…

The oil and gas industry has paid increasing attention to energy consumption and is taking steps to reduce emissions owing to growing environmental concerns. In this study, a method for designing the optimization of crude oil pipelines is proposed to…

International seaborne transport of crude oil takes place mainly on tankers, with annual seaborne crude flows totaling an estimated 12 billion barrels. To take into account the carbon footprint on crude oil from its international distribution…

Financial risks related to crude oil imports are certainly affected by crude oil price uncertainty. Our question is: How important is it to take also physical risks, such as the crude oil exporters’ political risks and transportation risks into…

Improvement of flow properties of crude oil through pipelines, the effect of temperature, diameter, water cut, and novel extracted surfactant on pressure drop, shear viscosity was studied along with energy analysis. The impact of diameter,…

The refineries in eastern Canada depend primarily on the marine networks to meet their crude demand. This exclusive reliance on a single mode results in overloaded marine networks, which in turn increases the associated risk for oil spills and…

The stability and viscosity of W/O emulsions and their application for heavy oil pipeline transportation were investigated using two Iranian crude oil samples. An Iranian heavy crude oil sample named West Paydar and a blend of diesel and bitumen were…

In this paper we present a view on the organization of maintenance to the Romanian National Transportation System of crude oil and natural gas. Currently, Romania has an important system of pipelines for transporting crude oil and petroleum products,…

World-wide crude transportation is the central logistics operation that links the upstream and downstream functions and plays a crucial role in the global supply chain management in the oil industry. In this work, we develop a decision support system…

The shortage of new light oil reservoirs increases the need to explore heavy oil reserves and to deal with viscosity issues on their transportation through pipelines. An attractive procedure to reduce energy consumption of this operation is to pump…
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