Transportation
Title
Transportation
Collection Items
Flow improvers for assured flow of crude oil in midstream pipeline - A review
The ability to transfer crude oil through pipelines from wellhead to refinery without any complication is dealt with midstream flow assurance. Crude oil deposits are found in reservoir under high temperature and pressure which when extracted and…
Laminar pipeline flow of heavy oil–in–water emulsions produced by continuous in-line emulsification
Oil-in-water emulsions have been proposed as an emergent technology to transport viscous heavy crude oils. In this work, pipeline flow properties of heavy oil–in–water emulsions and their feasibility to reduce the elevated pressure drop related to…
Influence of operating temperatures on long-duration wax deposition in flow lines
Operating temperatures have major impacts on wax deposition. Although significant research efforts have been expended on this topic, no satisfactory agreement has been achieved in the available literature. In the present work, we conducted cold-flow…
Investigation of cationic surfactants as clean flow improvers for crude oil and a mechanism study
Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) were evaluated as clean flow improvers for crude oil. The results showed that all of them have some effect on the…
Preparation of a novel flow improver and its viscosity-reducing effect on bitumen
A novel flow improver, the copolymer of octadecyl acrylate, styrene, and maleic anhydride (OASA), was prepared by copolymerization and esterification reaction to study its viscosity-reducing effect on bitumen based its existing application on crude…
Flow of heavy crude oil-in-water emulsions in long capillaries simulating pipelines
We studied the rheological properties of heavy oil-in-water emulsions with the final goal of decreasing the high viscosity of oil in pipeline transportation. The emulsions containing 3% silica or 5% montmorillonite were stabilized by Triton X-100.…
A review on the rheology of heavy crude oil for pipeline transportation
Given the combination of rising global energy demand and the decline in conventional crudes, heavy crudes are generally considered to be the future energy resource. In many regions of the world, heavy crude oil must be transported through pipelines…
Study of the influence of crude oil on the spontaneous combustion risk of sulfurized rust in crude oil tanks
Spontaneous combustion risk of sulfurized rust is the main cause of fire and explosion accidents during crude oil storage and transportation. In order to analyze the effect of crude oil on the thermal behavior of sulfurized rust, thermos-gravimetric…
Chapter 21 - Petroleum Products Transporting Pipeline Corrosion—A Review
This chapter deals with the general introduction to corrosion in petroleum product pipelines. It explains the brief history of the causes of corrosion and the importance of developing a new class of corrosion inhibitors, along with their potential…
Vulnerability analysis of a natural gas pipeline network based on network flow
A vulnerability analysis of the transportation capacity of a natural-gas pipeline network based on network flow was proposed. This analysis focused on the inherent properties instead of the environment and probabilities, which are usually considered…
Assessment method for gas supply reliability of natural gas pipeline networks considering failure and repair
Abstract: Pipeline networks are the primary means of natural gas transmission, and assessing the gas supply reliability is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of pipeline networks. However, current assessment researches for the…
Best maritime transportation option for the Arctic crude oil: A profit decision model
Navigation via the Northern Sea Route (NSR) requires specific vessels in comparison with the Suez Canal Route (SCR). We develop a profit decision model that defines the best option mixing the shipping lane (NSR or SCR) and the ice-class of the vessel…
Design and Surge Study of Salaya Mathura Pipeline for Higher Throughput of Crude Oil Transportation
Salaya Mathura Pipeline (SMPL) is one of the major crude oil pipelines in India stretching over a length of 1870Km Starting from Salaya (near Vadinar) in Jamnagar district on the coast of Gujarat totransport crude oil to Indian Oil refineries at…
Study on corrosion mechanism and its influencing factors of a short distance intermittent crude oil transmission and distribution pipeline
Based on the characteristics of short transmission and distribution distance, large fluctuation angle and intermittent operation, the corrosion of pipelines of crude oil storage and transportation unit transporting crude oil to refinery processing…
A Lagrangian relaxation approach for a multi-mode inventory routing problem with transshipment in crude oil transportation
An inventory routing problem in crude oil transportation is studied, in which crude oil is transported from a supply center to multiple customer harbors to satisfy their demands over multiple periods. In the problem, a heterogeneous fleet of tankers…
Tank cycling and scheduling analysis of high fusion point oil transportation for crude oil operations in refinery
For short-term scheduling of crude oil operations, oil residency time and high fusion crude oil transportation constraints are difficult to model. With high setup cost for high fusion point oil transportation, it is desired that the volume of such…
Crude oil maritime transportation: Market fluctuation characteristics and the impact of critical events
The international crude oil maritime transportation system has always been disturbed by the external environment and its own mechanism of supply and demand, which can sometimes last for a long time. BDTI (Baltic Exchange Dirty Tanker Index) is one of…
Studies on energy consumption of crude oil pipeline transportation process based on the unavoidable exergy loss rate
In order to ensure the crude oil pipeline process smoothly, the driving force has a certain exergy loss. Based on the exergy analysis method, according to the required minimum potential difference of pipeline transportation, the unavoidable exergy…
Contracting decisions in the crude oil transportation market: Evidence from fixtures matched with AIS data
In this paper, we investigate the contracting behaviour of participants in the spot freight market for tankers by analysing the positioning of vessels at the time of fixture. For that purpose, we create a new dataset obtained by merging spatial ship…
Reducing viscosity of paraffin base crude oil with electric field for oil production and transportation
Reducing the crude oil viscosity is important for the oil production and transportation. The micro–nanotechnology of viscosity reduction associated with electric field is found to be universal, working for all kinds of crude oil, including asphalt…
Flow start-up and transportation of waxy crude oil in pipelines-A review
Wax deposition and gel formation have been crucial problems to the oil industries. The deposition of waxes would lead to gelation which blocks flow in pipelines and interrupts steady production of oil at offshore fields. The plugged gel needs to be…
A bi-objective approach to routing and scheduling maritime transportation of crude oil
Maritime transportation, the primary mode for intercontinental movement of crude oil, accounts for 1.7billion tons annually – bulk of which are carried via a fleet of large crude oil tankers. Although spectacular episodes such as Exxon Valdez…
Geopolitical risk and crude oil security: A Chinese perspective
This paper employs the mixed-frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) to assess the causal relationship between geopolitical risk (GPR) and crude oil security (COS) for China. In contrast to prior papers, we regard GPR as an independent variable…
Column generation heuristics for ship routing and scheduling problems in crude oil transportation with split deliveries
We propose a column generation based heuristic algorithm to solve a ship routing and scheduling problem for crude oil transportation with split deliveries. The problem is to find an optimal assignment and sequence and loading volume of demand…
Quantitative approach to estimating crude oil supply in Southern Europe
In the development of programs for delivering crude oil to Southern Europe, it is necessary to determine the trends in crude oil delivery and production and to analyze the capabilities of the crude oil transportation system. The global trend towards…
Graphene oxide-PEG: An effective anti-wax precipitation nano-agent in crude oil transportation
The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures in preventing the formation of waxy sediments, and to assess its impact on some crude oil physical properties. By functionalization of graphene oxide…
Research on the initial state and safety of pipeline shutdown in crude oil forward and reverse transportation
In order to clarify the relations between the different initial states and safety of pipeline shutdown during the forward and reverse transportation process. Analyze the flow state and innovatively divide forward and reverse transportation process…
Characterization of Doba–Chad heavy crude oil in relation with the feasibility of pipeline transportation
A heavy crude oil was characterized in view of the recent commercial exploitation of Doba oilfield in landlocked Chad from where the crude oil is extracted and expected to be routed to the Atlantic shore through pipeline transportation. The elemental…
Emulsification of Indian heavy crude oil in water for its efficient transportation through offshore pipelines
The emulsification of heavy crude oil is the most economical way to transport it through offshore pipelines. In this research article, distinct oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions were developed from an Indian heavy crude oil using…
Maritime crude oil transportation – A split pickup and split delivery problem
The maritime oil tanker routing and scheduling problem is known to the literature since before 1950. In the presented problem, oil tankers transport crude oil from supply points to demand locations around the globe. The objective is to find ship…
Heavy crude oil viscosity reduction and rheology for pipeline transportation
Different methods of reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil to enhance the flow properties were investigated. Experimental measurements were conducted using RheoStress RS100 from Haake. Several factors such as shear rate, temperature and light oil…
Perspective for using Nd–Fe–B magnets as a tool for the improvement of the production and transportation of Vietnamese crude oil with high paraffin content
Controlling the paraffin deposition is one of the most serious and costly problems for high-paraffin crude-oil production and transportation. This holds especially for offshore, deep-water wells and pipelines, like in Vietnam. For finding solutions…
Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review
The transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils from the head-well to the refinery is becoming important since their production is currently rising all over the world. Such oils are characterized by a low API gravity (103cP at 298.15K) that…
A periodic planning model for maritime transportation of crude oil
Abstract Crude oil is primarily transported through sea using very large tankers. Efficient scheduling of these tankers is challenging as well as critical given long lead times, tight delivery time windows and high operational costs. We attempt to…
Surfactant stabilized crude oil-in-water emulsions for pipeline transportation of viscous crude oils
The present work deals with studying the various factors affecting the stability and viscosity of a surfactant-stabilized viscous crude-oil-in-water emulsion for pipeline transportation. The study revealed that the stability of the oil-in-water…
Numerical investigation on the melting characteristics of wax for the safe and energy-efficiency transportation of crude oil pipelines
Wax precipitation affects the normal transportation of crude oil pipeline. Wax is generally removed by hot washing. Reducing energy of hot washing is the key to the security and energy-saving operation. It is necessary to reveal the heat transfer…
Multi-objective optimization of energy consumption in crude oil pipeline transportation system operation based on exergy loss analysis
Energy consumption plays a dominant role in the technical and economic indicators of pipeline operation, and is greatly influenced by operation schemes. However, the conventional energy consumption model is often analyzed from the perspective of…
Multifunctional superamphiphobic SiO2 coating for crude oil transportation
Superamphiphobic materials are helping with urgent issues due to increasing industrial oil transportation, as well as common oil pollution, which has triggered large interest owing to their high application value and practicability. However, they are…
Periodicity of world crude oil maritime transportation: Case analysis of Aframax Tanker market
The oil tanker shipping market always presents periodicity following varied laws in different periods. However, most of the studies on the tanker freight rate market are short-term projections, while those on its long-term periodicity characteristics…
Pipeline transportation of viscous crudes as concentrated oil-in-water emulsions
Stable concentrated oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and their application for heavy oil pipeline transportation was investigated using very viscous Malaysian heavy crude oil. Two Malaysian heavy crude oil samples, Tapis and a blend of…
Railroad transportation of crude oil in Canada: Developing long-term forecasts, and evaluating the impact of proposed pipeline projects
Rail crude oil shipments have witnessed a steady increase over the past decade, which underscore the long-term viability of this transport mode. Although incidents involving these shipments could be catastrophic, having link-level information could…
Sustainable crude oil transportation: design optimization for pipelines considering thermal and hydraulic energy consumption
The oil and gas industry has paid increasing attention to energy consumption and is taking steps to reduce emissions owing to growing environmental concerns. In this study, a method for designing the optimization of crude oil pipelines is proposed to…
Well-to-tank carbon emissions from crude oil maritime transportation
International seaborne transport of crude oil takes place mainly on tankers, with annual seaborne crude flows totaling an estimated 12 billion barrels. To take into account the carbon footprint on crude oil from its international distribution…
Handling financial risks in crude oil imports: Taking into account crude oil prices as well as country and transportation risks
Financial risks related to crude oil imports are certainly affected by crude oil price uncertainty. Our question is: How important is it to take also physical risks, such as the crude oil exporters’ political risks and transportation risks into…
Hydrodynamics and energy analysis of heavy crude oil transportation through horizontal pipelines using novel surfactant
Improvement of flow properties of crude oil through pipelines, the effect of temperature, diameter, water cut, and novel extracted surfactant on pressure drop, shear viscosity was studied along with energy analysis. The impact of diameter,…
An expected consequence approach to assessing the viability of multimodal transportation of crude oil in eastern Canada
The refineries in eastern Canada depend primarily on the marine networks to meet their crude demand. This exclusive reliance on a single mode results in overloaded marine networks, which in turn increases the associated risk for oil spills and…
Emulsification of heavy crude oil in water for pipeline transportation
The stability and viscosity of W/O emulsions and their application for heavy oil pipeline transportation were investigated using two Iranian crude oil samples. An Iranian heavy crude oil sample named West Paydar and a blend of diesel and bitumen were…
Maintenance of the Romanian National Transportation System of Crude Oil and Natural Gas
In this paper we present a view on the organization of maintenance to the Romanian National Transportation System of crude oil and natural gas. Currently, Romania has an important system of pipelines for transporting crude oil and petroleum products,…
Logistics for world-wide crude oil transportation using discrete event simulation and optimal control
World-wide crude transportation is the central logistics operation that links the upstream and downstream functions and plays a crucial role in the global supply chain management in the oil industry. In this work, we develop a decision support system…
Energy savings on heavy oil transportation through core annular flow pattern: An experimental approach
The shortage of new light oil reservoirs increases the need to explore heavy oil reserves and to deal with viscosity issues on their transportation through pipelines. An attractive procedure to reduce energy consumption of this operation is to pump…