Drop-in biofuels, which are functionally equivalent to petroleum-based transportation fuels and fully compatible with existing petroleum infrastructure, have been widely used in developed countries in recent decades as an effective means of reducing…
Drop-in biofuels, which are functionally equivalent to petroleum-based transportation fuels and fully compatible with existing petroleum infrastructure, have been widely used in developed countries in recent decades as an effective means of reducing…
Financial risks related to crude oil imports are certainly affected by crude oil price uncertainty. Our question is: How important is it to take also physical risks, such as the crude oil exporters’ political risks and transportation risks into…
Current practice in refinery planning is to assume that the qualities of the crude oil feedstocks are known, even though they often vary. The uncertainty of the quality properties can significantly impact the profit of the refinery and needs to be…
Current practice in refinery planning is to assume that the qualities of the crude oil feedstocks are known, even though they often vary. The uncertainty of the quality properties can significantly impact the profit of the refinery and needs to be…