Civil infrastructure provides the range of essential services generally necessary to support a nation's economy and quality of life - arguably entire economies rely on the ability to move goods, people, and information safely and reliably.…
Practical guides are discussed as to why a how computer control results in tangible economic benefits, what to look for in a candidate, and how to evaluate the benefits. Several examples are presented. The examples are drawn from varied processes…
Important hydraulic characteristics of liquid pipelines and pumps that are necessary to assist the power engineer in evaluating optimum drive characteristics are reviewed. Typical pipeline pumping stations are developed with characteristic curves at…
Up to now, the African countries in the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea exported large quantities of natural gas and crude oil to the European northern shores. Nowadays, issues of security of supply, integration of the electricity markets,…
Up to now, the African countries in the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea exported large quantities of natural gas and crude oil to the European northern shores. Nowadays, issues of security of supply, integration of the electricity markets,…
This work presents an analytical methodology for selecting the most economical mix of drivers for large mechanical load and power generation for offshore production in the Gulf of Mexico. These method accounts for CAPEX, life-cycle costs and the…
Traditionally the mixture of fluids at the wellhead is separated into its various phases. Proper separation and accurate measurement of each of the component phases is critical in determining production capabilities. Gas is separated from the liquid…
According to operation bottlenecks of tank farm, this paper discusses statistical risk simulator program that models the tank farm operation of refinery and covers a ship delay, lifting schedules, unit stream factor, maintenance activities, movement…
A load commutated inverter (LCI) drive was applied to an existing 8000 HP synchronous motor driving a centrifugal compressor at a gas processing plant. The purpose of this retrofit was to reduce the operating cost of the plant by variable speed…
Adjustable speed drives are widely used in the petroleum, chemical and pipeline industries for energy savings and process control optimization. Their output powers range from fractions of kilowatts through tens of megawatts, with motor speeds up to…
Natural gas transmission lines transport large quantities of natural gas across long distances. The analysis of these pipelines is very complex and the day-to-day operations leave little time for optimization. This paper details techniques that can…
Natural gas transmission lines transport large quantities of natural gas across long distances. The analysis of these pipelines is very complex and the day to day operations leave little time for optimization. This paper details techniques that can…
Two investment studies were made on typical petrochemical plants to compare capital costs for installation of steam and electrical pipeline heating systems. It is found that for the plants studied, the electrical investment is significantly lower. A…
The technology transfer process is very complex and difficult, especially where secondary uses of innovations ("spinoffs") are involved. Six diverse cases of transfer of aerospace technology to civil land and sea transportation systems were examined.…
The introduction of competition at the electricity generation and commercialization has been the main focus of many restructuring experiences around the world. The open access to the transmission network and a fair regulated tariff are the keystones…
Since the pricing mechanism for natural gas prevailing in China being not conform to the development of natural gas market, a systematical analysis is employed in the study in term of the present situations and disadvantages on the market…
At present, pipeline natural gas (PNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are the main technologies for natural gas storage and transportation. But it is not economic to explore those scattered, remote and limited high well-pressure gas fields by PNG…
The transport of freight and people is a basic condition for the competitiveness of industry and services in Europe. This economic sector solitary has a turnover of approx. 1,000 billion EUR (approx. 7% of the gross domestic product of the EU),…
This paper describes the processes used in justifying, purchasing, installing and starting up a large line-commutated invertor (LCI)-fed supersynchronous drive on a pipeline application, with a total time from conception to start up of less than 18…
Long distance oil-gas pipeline construction is complex. GIS technology is applied to this field and provides a high-tech method for construction operation and management. The digital pipeline is the main feature of the 21st Century's oil-gas…
This paper for the first time explains the level of mobility using Cobb-Douglas utility function model, and then the mobility level of public transit in Suzhou old area has been investigated and analyzed. Computing each trip mode's passenger turnover…
Over the past quarter century, the United States' dependence on oil has cost its economy on the order of $5 trillion. Oil dependence is defined as economically significant consumption of oil, given price inelastic demand in the short- and long-run…
This paper presents a neuro-based approach for Iran annual gasoline demand forecasting by several socio-economic indicators. In order to analyze the influence of economic and social indicators on the gasoline demand, the gross domestic product (GDP),…
The continually increasing population, the rising economic activity and the permanent race for the rise of economic prosperity, led us to the increase of motorisation. Transportation sector has an important role, because it is not only using the…
As the world economic power and military strengthchange, a new round of contention for energy has started. What will be the sticking point is whether China can access to adequate oil resources safely in the new redistribution of energy resources…
China petroleum corporations have achieved great success in cross-M&A activities, including scale, power and pace, such as the acquisition of PetroKazakhstan by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) in 2005. However, they have also suffered…
With China's degree of dependence upon overseas oil increase every year, the supply of oil resources impacts country's economic development and social stability directly. However, overseas oil imports exists such as piracy attacks, line accident and…
With the improved awareness of negative environmental impact from traditional automobile fuel consumption and the fluctuating increase of gas price, fuel demand and supply in the transportation sector and strategies of securing it has gained…
The looming challenges of global warming and peak oil have begun to spur the development of alternatives to our current petroleum based transportation system. However, before these alternatives are implemented on a significant scale, it is important…
Identification, evaluation and selection (IE&S) of petroleum exploration and development (E&D) and reserve acquisition investments are important steps to ensure the success of petroleum company R&D projects. Investment decisions about the projects…
Practical guides are discussed as to why a how computer control results in tangible economic benefits, what to look for in a candidate, and how to evaluate the benefits. Several examples are presented. The examples are drawn from varied processes…
The storage of compressed air underground is a proven and acceptable technique. Solution mined salt caverns, hard rock conventionally mined caverns, and aquifers can be used to successfully store compressed air. This paper will review the experience…
Due to environmental concerns and limited hydrocarbon fuel reserves, R&D effort is being put into alternative energy sources like geothermal, photovoltaic, wave and wind, as well as fuel cells which use hydrogen to generate electricity without…
Noting that electric power demand will continue to increase, although less rapidly in industrialized nations, the author examines the future trends in the conversion area, moving from rotating generators toward additional electrochemical and…
This paper investigates the formulation of a general optimal energy flow (OEF) problem for integrated energy systems, paying particular attention to "hydrogen economy" issues, i.e. production, distribution and utilization of hydrogen, as well as…
Electric utilities need quickly-available sources of power for supplying expected and unexpected peak loads. Among useful sources have been the energy stored in water by pumping it to elevated storage reservoirs, in air compressed into underground…
Through the end of the 20th century and beginning of 21st century, the Spanish policy-makers have had a strong commitment to the development of renewable energies and clean power technologies, mainly related with wind power and combined cycles. This…
This paper analyzes the relation between European natural gas storage facilities and price patterns at major trading points. Based on the theory of storage we derive testable hypothesis imposed by the non-arbitrage condition. Following the approach…
The liberalization of the European gas market causes significant changes in the natural gas sector as enterprises are now confronted with an environment of competition. So, an optimization of the portfolio of a natural gas trading enterprise becomes…
The objective of this study is to determine the economic viability of a natural compressed gas service station to supply the urban bus fleet of Tranvias de Ferrol S.A. as a preliminary step to the planned project of moving its installations. The…
Distributed hydrogen-electric systems produce hydrogen through the electrolysis of water for local distribution. Economic analysis of these systems involves the consideration of operating profit and capital cost. Current methods of design do not…
The energy situation in remote islands is becoming critical with high fuel import costs preventing the islands from developing at a faster pace. Sao Miguel is an island located in the middle of the Atlantic with extensive renewable resources whose…
The uninterruptible power supply (UPS), employing a flywheel for energy storage, and providing line frequency output, is an economical device that can bridge the gap caused by voltage sags and temporary voltage loss. This single conversion UPS has a…
Although the prices of international oil decline, the shortage of conventional fossil energy is an acknowledged fact. This paper is research on how to maximally gain more energy from the buildings and their surrounding environment. Organize a variety…
According to operation bottlenecks of tank farm, this paper discusses statistical risk simulator program that models the tank farm operation of refinery and covers a ship delay, lifting schedules, unit stream factor, maintenance activities, movement…
At present, pipeline natural gas (PNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are the main technologies for natural gas storage and transportation. But it is not economic to explore those scattered, remote and limited high well-pressure gas fields by PNG…
China petroleum corporations have achieved great success in cross-M&A activities, including scale, power and pace, such as the acquisition of PetroKazakhstan by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) in 2005. However, they have also suffered…