274 crude oils pertaining to the groups of extra light (gas condensates), light, medium, heavy, and extra heavy crude oils were characterized by true boiling point distillation, specific gravity and kinematic viscosity at 21.11 and 37.78 °C. Eight…
A pipeline detection & location system with 2% resolution of the total flow was designed and widely applied in long range crude and product oil transmission pipeline in China. It responses to a leak in 3 minutes and its location precision is lower…
This paper summarizes an investigation of certain operating parameters on the viscosity of petroleum emulsions. The production of crude oil is accompanied by emulsified water production, which comes along with various challenges like corroding the…
The challenges associated with heavy crude oil emulsions during hydrocarbon exploitation cannot be overemphasized. As such, water/crude oil separation in oil fields becomes necessary before conveyance to the refinery. In this study, we investigated…
Development and the required availability of energy resources, especially oil, drew attention to developing methods for transporting high-viscosity and high-pour-point petroleum crude efficiently at a reasonable cost. For this purpose, graphite was…
The transport of extra-heavy crude oil is a severe problem in the oil industry due to its viscosity, asphaltenes content, and tendency to precipitate. These crude oil's characteristics cause clogging of the pipes and increase production costs. One of…
This article assumes that the crude oil in the oil tank of the sunken ship is completely solidified, has high viscosity, and loses fluidity before heating. Based on ANSYS software, a three-dimensional numerical model of the sunken oil tank was…
Deposits of tight high viscosity heavy and waxy oil are becoming increasingly important in the world economy. They are also of particular importance in Russia, where the fields of easy accessible oil are practically depleted, and the newly discovered…
Increasing fuel consumption, industrial development, and population have led to energy supply problems. Hence, the recovery of oil reservoirs has been considered in recent years. One of the most effective methods in crude oil recovery is the use of…
In order to decrease transportation cost, experimental studies on viscosity reduction of heavy oil-water system and on viscosity changing rules by ultrasonic wave have been carried out. The results show that ultrasonic wave process can reduce reverse…
The high viscosity and low fluidity of heavy crude oil hinder its sorption by conventional porous sorbents, so the efficient clean-up of such heavy crude oil spills is challenging. Recently, Joule heating has been emerging as a new tool to reduce the…
This paper attempts to identify a crude oil (CO) from eight different CO samples with a wide range of oAPI gravity from 13 to 43 belonging to Upper Assam Basin, India, to formulate the identified CO for pipeline transportation. Studies were conducted…
The addition of surfactants and nanoparticles in minimizing wax deposition related problems such as flow assurance is considered an attractive alternative among other techniques but limited researches have been carried out in investigating the…
Wax deposition in pipelines transporting crude oil is a serious problem as wax tends to precipitate under low temperature conditions observed during pipeline flow. The current research work embarks on the development of novel nanocomposite pour point…
The deposition of paraffin on the pipeline surface during crude oil transportation is a significant issue for oil industries. In this regard, the demand for adequate methods of wax deposition has gained considerable attention. In the current work,…
The key idea is to reduce the Iraqi crude oil viscosity, and enhance its rheological properties during its pipeline transportation at low temperatures. To achieve this objective, four different graphene supercapacitor designs are tested, by the…
Asphaltenes and paraffin are considered the molecules present in heavy crude oils that tend to form aggregates that cause high viscosity values. Understanding the molecular interactions occurring in such aggregation phenomena is essential to apply…
The matured reservoirs all over the world leads on the way to highly viscous crude oil. The heavy and waxy oil would act as an alternative to conventional reserves, only with the application of a technology to reduce the viscosity. This study aims to…
Heavy crude oil (HCO) production, processing, and transportation forms several practical challenges to the oil and gas industry, due to its higher viscosity. Understanding the shear rheology of this HCO is highly important to tackle production and…
When oilfield development enters the middle and late stages, the crude oil–water mixture (COWM) produced from oil wells often has a high water cut and cannot form a stable emulsion. The traditional viscosity model of an emulsion is not suitable for…
With the present energy scenario, the oil companies are persuading to exploit crude oil resources with high viscosity and an extreme chemical composition which makes production and transportation complex. The rheology of crude oil is related to the…
In the lubricated pipe flow (LPF) of non-conventional oils, a water annulus acts as the lubricant. It separates the viscous oil from the pipe wall by taking a steady state position at the high shear region in the pipe. Compared to transporting the…
Recently, global attraction has shifted toward heavy unconventional crude oil due to the depletion of light oil resources. Generally, heavy crude oils are highly viscous in nature
The formation of low-viscosity emulsions is a vital method for viscosity reduction of crude oil. Naphthenic acids, which are present in crude oil, are potential surface-active substances. Tertiary amines with CO2 response can be self-assembled in…
Heavy crude oil (HCO) is still possessing concrete challenges due to its ineffective flowing characteristics. Asphaltenes and resins are the complex fractions of heavy oil, possessing relatively high polar constituents of heteroatoms, which tend to…
In CO2 flooding, the dissolution of CO2 in produced fluid may change the stability of crude oil emulsion, thereby affecting the design/operation of the gathering pipeline and oil-water separation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the…
In view of the situation that heavy oil well production fluid needs to be gathered and transferred by heating or with heat water to ensure the normal operation, a kind of cold transportation viscosity reducer was developed through the compounding of…
Treatment with pour point depressant (PPD) can significantly improve the cold flowability of waxy crude oil, enabling the safe and efficient transportation of waxy crude oils through pipelines. It has been observed that the electrical properties of…
Amongst the innumerable challenges that permeate the production chain of heavy oils, the transportation stage deserves to be highlighted. Due to its high viscosity, heavy oils exhibit considerable flow resistance, requiring auxiliary mechanisms to…
Heavy crude oil shows high viscosity combined with low mobility, which affects the efficient transportation through pipelines. Drag has long been identified as the main reason for the loss of energy in pipeline fluid transmission and other similar…
Heavy crude oils are complex fluid mixture with a high proportion of asphaltic molecules, sulfur and several heavy metals like nickel, vanadium, and nitrogen. These components will affect negatively transporting viscous crude oil from production…
The use of asphaltic crude oil resources as an alternative to offset light oil supplies over the next years has attracted oil field attention. However, its high viscosity greatly impedes the production of asphaltic crude oil from wells and…
Abstract: Viscosity reduction is one of the key issues for heavy oil reservoir development and its transportation. Up to now, the mechanisms for ultrasonic viscosity reduction still remain unclear, especially for that of heavy crude oil which needs…
This paper investigates the effect of the viscosity of crude oil and stress acting on buried oil pipelines inside dune sand. Due to the increase in energy demand, transportation of all hydrocarbons is obligatory. However, transportation of this oil…
Pipeline transportation is the most convenient means of transportation of crude oil continuously and economically from production site to refinery. However, transportation of heavy crude oil (HCO) through pipelines is difficult due to its high…
Wax can increase the viscosity of waxy crude oil, also precipitates and accumulates on the pipe wall, reducing the efficiency of pipe transportation. A strain of surfactant producing hydrocarbon degrading bacteria F-1 was isolated from crude oil…
Heavy or extra-heavy crude oil has difficulty in transportation, especially for off shore. Catalytic upgrade treatment with iron oil-soluble catalyst (FASFe) was used in this paper to reduce crude oil's viscosity and meet the transport demand. After…
The increasing energy demand is persuading oil companies to exploit unconventional reserves of heavy and extra heavy crude oil, which are characterized for their elevated viscosities and upraised production costs. Expensive flow modifiers are often…
The electrically enhanced oil recovery (EEOR) method takes advantage of electrokinetic phenomena. One of the hypothesized underlying mechanisms involved in this method is the reduction of crude oil viscosity due to an applied electrical field and…
Numerous viscosity predicting models for mixed crude oil at various operating conditions had been established and widely applied in oil industry, but little attention was paid on the mixed viscosity of heavy or extra-heavy oil with a certain amount…
The highly viscous property of heavy oil often causes problems in its transportation in pipelines. Mixing heavy oil with light oil as well as ultrasound treatment are viable solutions to this problem. In this study, extra heavy crude oil samples were…
Utilization of the abundant heavy crude oil resources has been accepted as an effective approach to tackle the shortage of light oil supply in the coming decades. However, the high viscosity and density of heavy crude oil severely hurdle the…
The composition and structure of pour point depressant/viscosity reducer for pipeline transportation and its application effect in long-distance pipeline transportation in China as well as the application effect of oil-soluble viscosity reducer and…
Reducing the viscosity of heavy oil is of great significance in petroleum production and transportation. In this paper, we studied the reduction of viscosity of crude oil under the irradiation of a 532 nm laser in which the variation of current,…
Magnetic technology of crude oil is a physical flow improvement method. Previous researches mostly focused on treating crude oil under strong magnetic field. The aim of this research is to study the viscosity-reduction mechanism of high-paraffin…
The production of crude oil has three stages: formation drive, wellbore lifting, and pipeline transportation. This paper summarizes the application effects of flow improvers within several long-distance pipelines in China. The effects of oil- and…
The high viscosity and low surface tension of heavy crude oils, combined with the low relative permeability of the medium, cause their entrapment in the porous reservoir nets, affecting the oil production. In this work, the effect of two…