With the increased availability of low-cost natural gas, the co-conversion of natural gas and biomass-to-liquid fuels has attracted attention from industry due to its potential for improving liquid fuel yields while lowering greenhouse gas emissions.…
The injection of green hydrogen into the natural gas grid is a way to decarbonize the gas sector and build an economic transport route for the large-scale delivery of hydrogen. The suitability of the natural gas infrastructure for this purpose…
Blending hydrogen in the natural gas transmission and distribution systems is an option for hydrogen transportation. Integrity management of the existing infrastructure requires a risk evaluation for the planned hydrogen introduction and the…
Hydrogen energy is an important energy carrier for China to achieve the target of "carbon emission peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060", while the lack of motivation for infrastructure development is a critical factor in restricting…
About 85% of petroleum oil need of India is being met through imports. Indian economy is growing steadily resulting in rapid increase of vehicular population and demand for transportation fuels. Indian Government has already mandated blending of…
This study investigated the pyrolysis of polystyrene (PS) packaging waste for transportation fuel application of the oil product, with a specific focus on the effect of contamination and the scale-up of the process. The oil yield and calorific value…
At present, the mixed transportation technology of different kinds of crude oil is widely used in long-distance pipeline transportation process. The energy consumption produced by pipeline at different monthly temperatures varies because the physical…
Deposits of tight high viscosity heavy and waxy oil are becoming increasingly important in the world economy. They are also of particular importance in Russia, where the fields of easy accessible oil are practically depleted, and the newly discovered…
One of Sudanese fields has a heavy crude oil which has a high Total Acid Number (TAN) and high viscosity, can cause a lot of problems in production operation, transport, and storage facilities. The effect of ethanol dilution on the rheological…
Crude oil operations are an important part of petroleum supply chain, including multiple industrial processes such as crude oil procurement, crude oil distribution, crude oil transportation, crude oil storage and crude oil blending in the production…
Establishing on operations research model is the mainstream method for automatic optimization scheme, but it is not possible to use a single undecomposed mathematical model to quickly obtain a good solution for complex crude oil scheduling issue.…
Hydrogen blending has significant influences on the characteristics and evolution of safety accidents of natural gas. In this study, the numerical investigation is performed to reveal the leakage and diffusion characteristics of hydrogen-blended…
Blending hydrogen (H2) into natural gas pipelines has become an effective way to transport H2 on a large scale. Due to the difference in properties between H2 and natural gas, the natural gas hydrate (NGH) phase equilibrium will be changed after…
High-pour point and high-viscosity crude oil can be gathered and transported below the pour point during a high water-cut period. However, oil under these conditions can easily aggregate, thereby blocking the pipeline. In this study, a comprehensive…
Ethiopia’s transportation sector is currently dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles running using imported petroleum oil. Due to shortages in hard currency, a rising economy and population growth, and rapid industrialization, energy…
Jurisdictions are looking into mixing hydrogen into the natural gas (NG) system to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Earlier studies have focused on well-to-wheel analysis of H2 fuel cell vehicles, using high-level estimates for…
Blending hydrogen into high-strength pipeline steels for high-pressure transmission may cause materials' hydrogen embrittlement (HE) failure. Although the hydrogen-induced failure of metallic materials has been studied for a long time, the process of…
Light alkanes from shale resources can potentially be converted to an easy-to-transport liquid hydrocarbon product by catalytic dehydrogenation followed by catalytic oligomerization. The chemical species in the liquid product and their concentrations…
The growing rate of electricity generation from renewables is leading to new operational and management issues on the power grid because the electricity generated exceeds local requirements and the transportation or storage capacities are inadequate.…
This paper investigates the effect of the viscosity of crude oil and stress acting on buried oil pipelines inside dune sand. Due to the increase in energy demand, transportation of all hydrocarbons is obligatory. However, transportation of this oil…
The increasing energy demand is persuading oil companies to exploit unconventional reserves of heavy and extra heavy crude oil, which are characterized for their elevated viscosities and upraised production costs. Expensive flow modifiers are often…
Paraffin wax deposition has been a reoccurring problem in transportation of waxy crude oil in the oil industry. Chemical treatment had been the most convenient and economical method for tackling this problem. This paper considered the study on…
Crude oil extraction, transportation and even its storage require a lot of struggle due to its high density, high viscosity and high pour point. To overcome these problems, polymers have attracted much attention as efficient chemical additive.…
This work introduces a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation for the efficient planning of crude oil supplies to a major refinery, through a long-distance pipeline. The proposed approach combines the potentials of slot-based and…
Natural gas has been proposed as a possible “bridge” fuel to eventual use of hydrogen in zero emission fuel cell vehicles. This literature review explores whether the natural gas system might help enable a transition to longer-term use of hydrogen in…
In this study, 20 diesel fractions were obtained by co-hydroprocessing blends of low-grade canola oil and Canadian oil sand bitumen-derived heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) at different canola oil/HVGO blending ratios, reaction temperatures and pressures,…
The pentane solvent deasphalting (SDA) process was carried out with petroleum vacuum residue (VR) blend with a bio-oil (BO) and solely with the bio-oil as a raw material. Two fractions each were produced: deasphalted oil (DAO) and asphaltic residue…
1 Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. The standard is applicable to materials having a vapour pressure…
1 Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. The standard is applicable to materials having a vapour pressure…
Although condensate oils are neither well defined nor have a known chemical composition, they are considered by the petroleum industry to be good candidates for the dilution of heavy crude oil as this generates a blend with a lower viscosity. This…
1 Scope This document specifies a fluorescent indicator adsorption method for the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 % (V/V) to 99 % (V/V) aromatic hydrocarbons, 0,3 % (V/V) to 55 % (V/V) olefins, and 1 % (V/V) to…
Fortified blended food powders (FBF) were prepared by blending fermented milk with parboiled wheat (FBFw), barley (FBFb), or oats (FBFo), incubating the blend, drying, milling, and fortifying the powder with vitamins, minerals, and refined soya oil.…
Co-processing renewable feedstock in existing refineries could be a prompt and ready-to-use approach to decarbonize the transportation sector, without large modifications to current processing infrastructures. In this study, we explore the…
Over the years, the cost of electricity produced by photovoltaics reduced significantly, but it is still notably higher and needs to undergo substantial further cost reduction. Organic photovoltaics (OPV) is a relatively new technology that has…
In this study, it was aimed to obtain the conversion of the heavy crude oil with 12.2 API gravity into the liquid fuel-like condensate fractions having different boiling points of gasoline (initial boiling point180), kerosene (180240C), light diesel…
In this study, the atomization blending property for heavy crude oil extraction was systematically investigated both numerically and experimentally. In the experiment conducted, the blending behavior was simulated using hydraulic oil and spray with…
Gasification is an efficient and environmentally friendly treatment process for petroleum coke. But the rheology and stability of petroleum coke-water slurries (PWS) do not meet the feeding requirements of gasification. This study blends Hami coal…
Abstract: The modern concepts of crude oils and refinery products as petroleum disperse systems are surveyed, as well as the related possibilities of optimizing crude oil refining processes. Through the optimal blending of components, it is possible…
Processing of light tight oils (LTOs) and their blends is challenged with their high fouling propensity. In this study, their fouling potential was attributed to fractions from centrifuge-accelerated settling. A small solid fraction comprising lower…
The melt blending method was used to prepare EVA/asphaltene particle composite pour point depressants with different blending concentrations. Through rheological and pour point experiments, the effect of EVA/asphaltene composite pour point depressant…
Adding hydrogen to natural gas is a promising way to improve the ignition stability and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of pilot-ignition direct-injection natural gas engines. Most of the previous studies concerning hydrogen-enriched natural gas…
Present study deals with the effect of enrichment with H2 on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) and flame stability of various multicomponent NGair mixtures. In the present work, constant pressure outwardly propagating spherical flame method is used…
The production of Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) can be a key component of indigenous energy supply towards a low carbon future. In the present work, state of the art catalytic processes for SNG production based on CO and CO2 methanation are presented.…
The effect of the addition of hydrogen to various multicomponent natural gas (NG) blends is experimentally and numerically investigated. All the experiments are performed at a pressure of 0.1 MPa, a temperature of 300 3 K, and a range of equivalence…
A burner comprising multiple co- and cross-flow jets was developed to address the effect of blending the natural gas (NG) with the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) on the NOx emissions from laminar/turbulent diffusion and triple flames in the normal and…
The introduction of tight oils (shale oils) into the crude slates of many US and other refineries around the world, either by themselves or in combination with Canadian, Venezuelan and many other conventional, opportunity crudes and blending…
Oxygenates should be added to gasoline fractions because they are environmentally friendly and have a high-octane rating. This research investigates new recipes for producing high-octane gasoline based on gas raw materials by using isooctene. Blend…
Wax deposition can cause a slowdown in operation by restricting crude oil flow in the pipeline. Chemical inhibitors interact with the wax molecule in crude oil and prevent wax aggregation. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to analyze…