Humans from the very beginning of existence utilized natural resources for various daily needs. As years have gone by and with the continuous rise in population, both the natural resources and the biodiversity of this world are at the brink of…
Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Sequestration (BECCS) is critical for stringent climate change mitigation, but is commercially and technologically immature and resource-intensive. In California, state and federal fuel and climate policies can drive…
Bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) is critical for stringent climate change mitigation but is commercially and technologically immature and resource intensive. State and federal fuel and climate policies can drive first markets…
With the increased availability of low-cost natural gas, the co-conversion of natural gas and biomass-to-liquid fuels has attracted attention from industry due to its potential for improving liquid fuel yields while lowering greenhouse gas emissions.…
The global economy is threatened by the depletion of fossil resources and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices, and thus it is necessary to exploit sustainable energy sources. Carbon-neutral fuels including bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis can…
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is an advanced controlled process of biomass thermal decomposition designed to produce high volumes of ready-to-use transportation biofuels or to provide improved quality bio-oil for subsequent refining or upgrading.…
Due to the increase in the volume of extracted, processed and transported oil and petroleum products, emergency situations are becoming more frequent, accompanied by a spill of oil and petroleum products, which has disastrous consequences for the…
Present study demonstrates a two-stage integrated process for production of hydrocarbon oil designated as ALGLIQOL, with potential to be utilized as liquid transportation fuel. Stage-I involves in-situ catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of…
To accomplish the climate-neutrality objective by 2050, it is necessary to increase the share of renewable energy sources globally. A significant portion of this burden should be carried by palm oil biomass. However, the palm oil biomass supply may…
Fast pyrolysis is a controlled process of biomass thermal decomposition designed to yield high volumes of liquid bio-oil, which can subsequently be upgraded into high energy density transportation biofuels such as green gasoline, green jet fuel and…
Environmental and economic issues in the maritime transportation and logistics industry have historically received less stakeholder attention than aviation and overland freight sectors. Stakeholders in the port industry have gradually started paying…
The heterogeneous structure of biomass causes the complex compositions of bio-oil, thereby posing huge challenges for the extraction of value-added chemicals from bio-oil and the catalytic upgrading of bio-oil in existing petroleum-refining…
Deployment of bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS) is projected to be crucial in reducing the United States CO2 emissions intensity. In this paper, we utilize a spatially explicit costing model to evaluate how regional biophysical factors…
The preparation of flexible nano-scale carbon materials with good energy storage properties using biomass is a challenging task. Herein, we developed a simple and efficient strategy for preparing high-performance green nano-scale carbon fibrous…
The present study demonstrates a promising approach for production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of microbial biomass grown in large-scale open raceway pond. Three key attributes to achieve process feasibility are co-cultivation of…
A process engineering strategy was developed for cultivation of high density biomass of Chlorella sp. FC2 with improved productivity under photoautotrophic condition. The process engineering strategy involved a combinatorial approach of: (i)…
The Government of Canada has implemented measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including a carbon tax and its proposed Clean Fuel Standard. Alberta's Oil Sands industry, arguably one of Canada's largest and most energy intensive industries,…
Recent progress in the synthesis of carbon materials from biomass and coal/heavy oil waste and their use as the electrode materials of supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries is reviewed. The carbon precursors include seafood and agricultural waste, and…
Abstract: Relationships of the distribution of petroleum biomarker hydrocarbons (biomarker HCs), namely, n-alkanes, isoprenanes, n-alkylcyclohexanes, steranes, terpanes, and n-alkylbenzenes, in the soluble fraction and in thermolysis products of the…
This paper examines the hydrogen production from the combustion of rich natural gas-air mixtures in a porous medium composed of aleatoric algae biomass particles and alumina spheres. Combustion wave temperature, propagation rate and products (H2, CO,…
Crude oil palm biomass (OPB) residue is an important source of lignocellulose and could be transformed into biofuels through thermochemical conversion for heat and power in CHP plants or act as sustainable reinforcement in the biocomposite industry.…
Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return…
The Compania Espanola de Petroleos S.A.U. (Cepsa) is an integrated, energy service company that is active in the entire petroleum value chain. This chapter presents the activities of Cepsa in the field of biofuels. It discusses in detail different…
Polymalic acid (PMA), a homopolymer of L-malic acid (MA) generated from a yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, has unique properties and many applications in food, biomedical, and environmental fields. Acid hydrolysis of PMA, releasing the…
The Government of Canada has implemented measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including a carbon tax and its proposed Clean Fuel Standard. Alberta's Oil Sands industry, arguably one of Canada's largest and most energy intensive industries,…
The limited global crude oil reserve coupled with the environmental worsening caused by the excessive consumption of petroleum-derived fuels, has forced human to look for alternative sources of energy. Ethanol, both renewable and environmentally…
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Over 50% of this mass is discarded after use, becoming a significant waste source known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). SCG usage as a raw material for biogas production emerges with great…
The authors have been proposing methods to dewater, and fractionate coal by using the sequential thermal solvent extraction. They have recently showed that the degradative extraction at around 350°C using a non-polar solvent such as…
With wood shatters as raw material and quartz sand as heat medium, the process of rapid pyrolysis of biology materials with a self-made rotating cone reactor was investigated. The optimal conditions by orthogonal test indicated the pyrolysis of…
Energy hubs (EHs), due to their multiple nature in the production, consumption, and storage of energy, as well as the ability to participate in different energy markets, have made their optimal and profitable scheduling important for operators.…
Renewable-based integrated energy system (IES) is considered a viable energy supply alternative in many off-grid and remote regions of the world. However, high costs of islanded IESs with large-size batteries challenge further deployments of IESs.…
In “The 100 Percent Clean Energy Act of 2018” the California legislature set a target of 100% of California's electricity generated from renewable and zero-carbon sources by 2045. The California Public Utility Commission (CPUC) and other state…
Under the pressure of climate change, the demands for alternative green hydrogen (H2) production methods have been on the rise to conform to the global trend of transition to a H2 society. This article proposes a multirenewable-to-hydrogen production…
Centralized biogas plant (CBP) provides an attractive solution to the energy supply for district heating, electric loads, and residential cooking in remote areas via a local biogas delivery network. To overcome the challenges of biomass availability…
Due to the importance of heteropoly acids as solid acids in organic chemistry and industrial, this chapter highlights the applications of heteropoly acids in the chemical industry (e.g., desulfurization), pharmaceutical, the food industry, biomass,…
Discharge of non-biodegradable plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass into the environment, and the resultant pollution has persistently increased all over the globe. This activity poses a threat not only to mankind, but also to the environment.…
In this review, the research progress on the effect of industrial solid waste as catalyst on the quality of bio-oil in the process of biomass pyrolysis. Industrial solid waste contains metals, such as Fe, Al, and K, and has a suitable porous…
The pyrolysis of coal (C), torrefied sawdust (SPT), paraffin (P), and their blends was evaluated. Iso-conversional methods (i.e. Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose) were used to determine the activation energy (Ea)
Fossil fuel power plants emit large amounts of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere every year. Two strategies can be effectively applied to reduce these emissions, namely, substituting a portion of fossil fuel with biomass for power generation and…
The vision for replacing the production of chemicals from fossil fuel-based sources (such as natural gas and crude oil) is a bio-based refinery (a biorefinery) which would be the equivalent of a crude oil refinery that would produce the requisite…
The use of nonrenewable fuel like petroleum contributes to increasing the production of greenhouse gases. Biomasses provide biofuels, such as renewable electricity, thermal energy, or transportation fuels that substitute many fuels made from…
The word biofuel is here referred to as liquid or gas fuel mainly derived from biomass for the transport sector. There are many reasons why biofuels are viewed by both developed and industrialized countries as important technologies. These include…
The need for cleaner energy and faster depleting conventional non-renewable energy resources gave rise to the quest for sustainable sources and their conversion technologies for renewable energy production. The H/C ratio is essential in estimating…
A new strategy for the production of 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-HDO) from biomass is developed in this study. 1,6-HDO is obtained via various continuous catalytic conversions, including dehydration, hydrogenation, and hydrogenolysis. Effective separation…
It is hard to imagine life on earth without the existence of plants, which have several hundreds of thousands of varieties. Most of the plants are with green leaves and divided further into several categories such as leafy, flowering, conifers and…
Biomass pyrolysis involves breakdown of biodegradable materials at a high temperature without fully burning them. Pyrolysis output products include pyrolysis oil and noncondensable gas. Biomass pyrolysis is a feasible resource for producing bio-oil…
Energy carriers based on fossil fuels created a new perspective in the processing of energy production, depletion of crude oil, growing worldwide consumption of energy and natural gas sources devastate the industries and governments to seek…
The hydrogen economy is receiving increasing attention as a complement to electrification in the global energy transition. Clean hydrogen production is often viewed as a competition between natural gas reforming with CO2 capture and electrolysis…
With the increasing climate change concerns, governments around the world are working on setting targets to mitigate its upsurge. Greenhouse gases (GHG), more specifically carbon dioxide (CO2), are the highest contributors to global warming. As a…
The concept of biomaterials and/or biopolymers coming from nature with intrinsic benefits and environmental advantages of bio-based nature and/or biodegradability is extremely attractive to the consumers and the industry. Biodegradable biopolymers…