By leveraging IoT Big Data, BPM can gain real-time physical world information to make faster and more accurate decisions, but there is a technical gap between IoT sensors and businesses. To bridge the gap, an event penetration mechanism from IoT…
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has emerged as a possible alternative fuel for freight railroads in the United States, due to the availability of cheap domestic natural gas and continued pursuit of environmental and energy sustainability. A safety…
Restrictions on emissions are being imposed by regional and international shipping organisations, which raise the question of which marine fuel and technology can most effectively replace heavy fuel oil and diesel engines. The aim of this study is to…
Although the transportation tends to serve as flexible loads to smooth the energy demand profile, the transportation capacity is far from fully exploited to promote the efficiency of energy systems. Railways can transport a large volume of liquefied…
Methane is the primary component of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). The undesired methane emissions across the natural gas supply chain has been proven to worsen the lifecycle GHG emissions from the transportation…
NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) requires facilities to have the equipment necessary for the detection and control of fires, leaks and spills of hazardous materials, yet provides no…
The future growth and development potential of the Russian oil and gas industry is concentrated in the Arctic. Most of Russia's gas reserves - about 70% [1] - are in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District…
The current pricing climate for natural gas and liquid transportation fuels adds a significant amount of uncertainty when designing new natural gas to liquid transportation fuel (GTL) refineries. Robust optimization is a useful tool for optimization…
As natural gas is not uniformly distributed in different regions of the world, and gas tanks are concentrated in specific geographical areas, gas transfer is a key gas-related industry that greatly contributes to the expansion of this energy…
This study focuses on the optimization of transportation and the storage of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) supply chain. Liquefaction of the natural gas enables the suppliers to carry the gas by different modes of transportation to the customers by…
In modern geopolitical conditions, the processes of international hydrocarbon trade are becoming more complicated. World trends dictate the development of new solutions and adaptation to the external environment. The key factors contributing to the…
With the demand for lower carbon emissions and the increasing use of clean energy instead of traditional fossil fuels, offshore production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has become a major mode of energy transportation and storage. Due to its…
Increasing worldwide energy demand requires the replacement of fossil fuel sources with clean and alternative ones to limit the chances of a climate collapse. In this scenario, natural gas supplies approximately 30% of total energy demand and is…
Today the world energy market is in great transition and the demand for clean energy such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) is increasing rapidly. LNG is the main transfer form of long-range for water transportation and short range for land…
There are nearly 1000 million tons of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, but 83% of the natural gas resources and 70% of the natural gas resources are in the deep water and 500 kilometers away from the mainland of China. How to effectively…
We assessed freshwater consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and air emissions of using compressed and liquefied natural gas (NG) as transportation fuels by three heavy-duty NG vehicles (NGV) types from a wells-to-wheels (WTW) perspective. We…
Global interest in LNG products and supply chains is growing, and demand continues to rise. As a clean energy source, LNG can nevertheless emit air pollutants, albeit at a lower level than transitional energy sources. An LNG plant capable of…
This paper presents a model-based analysis of a process coupling trirefos rming and Fischer-Tropsch technologies for the production of liquid fuels from CO2-rich natural gas. The process also includes an upgrading section based on hydrocracking, a…
Marine transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is well established and extensive precedents for the design of the ships and tanks exist. Fewer precedents exist for the transport of compressed natural gas (CNG). This paper describes the application…
In recent years, the global demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an energy source is increasing at a very fast rate. In order to meet this demand, a large number of facilities such as platforms, FPSO (floating production, storage and…
There are currently several studies about the necessity of increasing access to sustainable electricity for isolated communities or in remote areas using alternative energy sources. There are about 212 energy grid isolated systems in Brazil, mainly…
This paper focuses on strategic storage as a solidarity measure in response to short-term "high-impact, low-probability" (HILP) disruptions in the European Union (EU) gas supply from major suppliers (i.e., Ukraine, Russia, Norway, and North Africa),…
Air pollution, which causes over seven million deaths per year, is the most significant and specifically related to health impacts. Nearly 90% of the urban population worldwide is exposed to pollution not meeting the World Health Organization…
With the increased availability of low-cost natural gas, the co-conversion of natural gas and biomass-to-liquid fuels has attracted attention from industry due to its potential for improving liquid fuel yields while lowering greenhouse gas emissions.…
In recent years, the global demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an energy source is increasing at a very fast rate. In order to meet this demand, a large number of facilities such as platforms, LNG-FPSO's, floating storage and regasification…
The rapid growth of liquefied natural gas consumption makes the issues of its transportation more urgent. At present, liquefied natural gas pipeline transportation is carried out only by means of short length process lines. This paper discusses the…
The paper presents the results of the analysis of compressed natural gas marine transportation based on ecological and economic criteria, the most economical and ecologically friendly ways of natural gas transportation that are needed to take…
The projected increase in the availability of gaseous fuels by growing popularity of household natural gas (NG) filling stations and the increase in the production of gaseous biogas-derived fuels is conducive to an increase in the use of NG fuel.…
Considerable gas storage rate (about 170 times as much as its volume) and self-preservation effect of natural gas hydrate (NGH) make itself as a favorable ways to storage and transport natural gas. Consequently, NGH has its own unique advantages when…
This study evaluates the environmental impact of liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply systems using a life cycle assessment (LCA) method. LCA is a technique assessing the environmental aspects associated with a system or a product for its entire life…
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most influential fuels of the 21st century, especially in terms of the global economy. The demand for LNG is forecasted to reach 400 million tonnes by 2020, increasing up to 500 million tonnes in 2030. Due to…
Substantial increases in shale gas production due to advances in hydraulic fracturing have created tremendous monetization and sustainable development opportunities, one of which is liquified natural gas (LNG). The International Maritime Organization…
The end temperatures and the pressure drop of the long-distance pipeline for the LNG transportation, at different thickness of the thermal insulation layer with different external environment temperatures, are obtained by using Sinda/Fluint software.…
Hydrogen additions to natural gas are being considered around the globe as a means to utilize existing infrastructure to distribute hydrogen. Hydrogen is known to enhance fatigue crack growth and reduce fracture resistance of structural steels used…
The electrified railway system with liquefied natural gas (LNG) transported is closely related to the integrated electricity-gas energy system, but little research focuses on the coordinated optimal operation of these systems. To fill the gap, this…
Ferritic steels are developed economically alloyed with nickel (up to 7%) with increased strength and low-temperature toughness for the manufacture of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks. Results are provided for a study of the steel mechanical…
Big data refers to store, manage, analyze, and process efficiently a huge amount of datasets and to distribute it. Recent advancements in big data technologies include data recording, storage, and processing, and now big data is used in the refinery…
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are included in the group of promoted transport fuel alternatives for traditional fossil fuels in Europe. Both CNG and LPG fueled vehicles are believed to have low particle number and…
Scope: 1.1 This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations on the management of integrity of a pipeline system through the life cycle, which includes design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance and abandonment. 1.2 This…
World energy security depends on a stable energy environment and geopolitics that are sensitive to energy transportation strategies. However, to focus on the role of clean energy sources market fluctuations in energy security development, this study…
1 Scope This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations on the management of integrity of a pipeline system throughout its life cycle, which includes design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance and abandonment. This…
1 Scope This document specifies the technical requirements for carbon steel and low-alloy steel forged flanges for use in pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries as defined in ISO 13623. This document applies to…
With global warming and 2050 carbon reduction targets, the demand for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) marine transportation continues to increase. LNG carriers that experience emergency unseaworthy accidents at sea have the need for emergency transfer…
Natural gas releases 45–50% less CO2 emissions as compared with coal and the liquefaction process is employed for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas that is an energy-intensive process. Numerous scientific efforts are being directed to…
Looking to reduce climate change impact and particle emissions, the heavy-duty transport sector is moving towards a growth within technology and infrastructure for use of liquefied natural gas (LNG). This opens an opportunity for the biogas market to…
Nearly one-quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions are from the transport sector and around 30% of this are from road freight transport. Seeking to diversify the energy matrix and to reduce air pollution, we studied performance, emissions, and…
The 2019 EU energy security agenda has led to the concept of solidarity: a coordinated response of Member States to “high-impact, low-probability” events jeopardizing the EU energy supply. At the core of this paper is a modeling analysis of storage…
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is gaining traction as a substitute energy source in the transportation sector. While presented as a promising energy alternative, LNG also faces criticism for being environmentally unsustainable. This debate has sparked…
China’s second offshore natural gas hydrate production reveals the urgency and potential demand for ship-based gas storage and transportation technology. Three possible gas storage processes including hydrate-based natural gas (HNG), pressurized…
The demand for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the global markets has changed significantly. As a result, industries have been forced to consider investing significantly in supply chains to achieve an efficient distribution of LNG for cost efficiency…