Heavy oil reservoirs contain a large amount of hydrocarbons that are relatively difficult to produce and lift to the surface due to the very low mobility of these heavy oils. Even after producing these heavy oils, transportation problems arise as…
Heavy crude oil shows high viscosity combined with low mobility, which affects the efficient transportation through pipelines. Drag has long been identified as the main reason for the loss of energy in pipeline fluid transmission and other similar…
Heavy crude oils are complex fluid mixture with a high proportion of asphaltic molecules, sulfur and several heavy metals like nickel, vanadium, and nitrogen. These components will affect negatively transporting viscous crude oil from production…
Abstract: The paper reports the results of the fractional extraction of petroleumasphaltenes using a toluene/acetone mixture. This method was shown to beeffective in extracting polyaromatic structures with various properties and inpredicting a number…
The characterization of the feedstock is an important analytical task in the modeling and development of processes for upgrading of petroleum residues. This work presents the results of fractionation of the vacuum petroleum residue by extraction…
This study investigated the sensitivity of two deepsea species using mortality of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and polyp activity of stony coral (Lophelia pertusa) to dispersant, Corexit 9500 and aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene,…
Asphaltenes represent the heaviest fraction of crude oils, being recognized by their tendency to self-associate and precipitate. Asphaltene precipitation and subsequent deposition can cause problems in all stages of production. The objective of this…
Some crude oils contain naturally occurring surfactants that avoid hydrate agglomeration. Natural hydrate anti-agglomeration has been linked to different crude oil fractions, including asphaltenes and petroleum acids. Asphaltenes are known to promote…
It is generally accepted that asphaltenes are the main stabilizing agents of water-in-crude-oil emulsions. However, the phenomenon of formation and stabilization of the colloid is complex and requires further studies. In this work, interfacially…
A volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions inventory of the petroleum refinery in Hebei was established. This refinery emits 1859.2 tons of VOCs per year, with wastewater collection and treatment system being the largest emissions source, accounting…
This work focuses on analyzing the electrokinetic behavior of asphaltenes of extra heavy oil. For this, electrodepositions were carried out in asphaltene solutions (4 %w/w) with two solvents of different polarities: toluene and chloroform. In…
Asphaltenes and resins make a major contribution for the formation of stable water-in-oil emulsions during crude production, which could affect process operations and increase costs. The purpose of this investigation is to study the influence of…
The presence of benzene and similar aromatic compounds in civil environments is due to anthropic actions but also to natural sources. Natural gas consists of a gas mixture where benzene and related compounds are usually presents. Thus, the detection…
Natural petroleum sulfonates (PS) was separated, purified and divided into several fractions by a new method liquid-liquid & soxhlet extraction. The effects of heating time, volume ratio of extractants (isopropanol aqueous solution-50/50 (by volume)…
Abstract: General features of the distribution of vanadium and nickel in the products of two-step solvent fractionation of asphaltenes have been using the exampley of heavy crude oils from various fields of the VolgaUrals oil-and-gas basin (Russia).…
Nowadays, there is a significant increase in the share of unconventional oil reserves such as heavy and extra-heavy oils as well as natural bitumen among the total balance of extracted petroleum feedstock. In this regard, one of the most important…
Heavy crude oils are complex fluid mixture with a high proportion of asphaltic molecules, sulfur and several heavy metals like nickel, vanadium, and nitrogen. These components will affect negatively transporting viscous crude oil from production…
Heavy oil reservoirs contain a large amount of hydrocarbons that are relatively difficult to produce and lift to the surface due to the very low mobility of these heavy oils. Even after producing these heavy oils, transportation problems arise as…
Toxic vapor emissions (TVEs) from crude oil and condensate storage tanks contain volatile organic compounds which are precursors for ground level ozone formation. Vapor recovery units have been proposed for the control of TVEs but come with high…
Asphaltenes and resins make a major contribution for the formation of stable water-in-oil emulsions during crude production, which could affect process operations and increase costs. The purpose of this investigation is to study the influence of…
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the ototoxicity of toluene in the early development of zebrafish embryos/larvae. Methods Zebrafish were utilized to explore the ototoxicity of toluene. Locomotion analysis, immunofluorescence, and qPCR…
A volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions inventory of the petroleum refinery in Hebei was established. This refinery emits 1859.2 tons of VOCs per year, with wastewater collection and treatment system being the largest emissions source, accounting…
Abstract Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) can be used for long-term storage and long-distance transport of hydrogen. Here, hydrogen (H2) is loaded into the organic molecule through a hydrogenation process and then unloaded through the reverse…
Several treatment methods, applying physical, chemical and biological processes were developed in the past decades. Physicochemical measures are capable of removing most of the contaminants, but the main disadvantages of these methods lie in the…
Abstract Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) can be used for long-term storage and long-distance transport of hydrogen. Here, hydrogen (H2) is loaded into the organic molecule through a hydrogenation process and then unloaded through the reverse…
Several treatment methods, applying physical, chemical and biological processes were developed in the past decades. Physicochemical measures are capable of removing most of the contaminants, but the main disadvantages of these methods lie in the…
Heavy crude oils are complex fluid mixture with a high proportion of asphaltic molecules, sulfur and several heavy metals like nickel, vanadium, and nitrogen. These components will affect negatively transporting viscous crude oil from production…
Toxic vapor emissions (TVEs) from crude oil and condensate storage tanks contain volatile organic compounds which are precursors for ground level ozone formation. Vapor recovery units have been proposed for the control of TVEs but come with high…
Toxic vapor emissions (TVEs) from crude oil and condensate storage tanks contain volatile organic compounds which are precursors for ground level ozone formation. Vapor recovery units have been proposed for the control of TVEs but come with high…
Natural petroleum sulfonates (PS) was separated, purified and divided into several fractions by a new method liquid-liquid & soxhlet extraction. The effects of heating time, volume ratio of extractants (isopropanol aqueous solution-50/50 (by volume)…
Abstract: General features of the distribution of vanadium and nickel in the products of two-step solvent fractionation of asphaltenes have been using the exampley of heavy crude oils from various fields of the VolgaUrals oil-and-gas basin (Russia).…
Two multistage separation techniques have been used to fractionate isotropic petroleum pitches: (1) a stagewise fractionation technique employing sequential, single-stage extractions with supercritical toluene, and (2) dense-gas fractionation with a…
A countercurrent, multistage, dense-gas extraction technique with reflux was investigated for the fractionation of carbonaceous pitches. Two modes of operation were investigated: continuous-stripping and semibatch operation. For example, continuous…
In order to separate and characterize some grades of paraffin waxes from El-Ameria crude waxes (slack waxes), a one-stage fractional crystallization technique has been done to separate the paraffin waxes with different characteristics by using…
A stagewise fractionation technique employing sequential single-stage extractions with supercritical toluene was used to fractionate the heaviest portion of an isotropic petroleum pitch. Each stage was operated in a region of liquid-liquid…
Dense-gas extraction (DGE) was used to fractionate a petroleum pitch feedstock of broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) into selected oligomeric constituents. The DGE process was carried out in a semibatch mode using the solvent toluene (Tc =…
The self-association of asphaltenes in toluene based on modeling and effect of fractionation with polar solvent was described. Various step-wise models were used to fit calorimetric titration of asphaltenes in dried solutions. Asphaltenes from…
Organics in sludges deposited from two high API, low sulfur and low asphaltenes, paraffinic Libyan crude oils, Sedra C.O. and Hamada C.O. were extracted with toluene using a modified Soxhlet system (MSS). Toluene azeotroped water impurity was…
A commercially produced petroleum pitch (M-50) consisting of PAH oligomers was fractionated via supercritical (SC)/dense-gas extraction, using two packed columns operating in series on a continuous basis. In the 1st column, toluene was used as the SC…
The molecular weight average (Mw) and distribution of Venezuelan crude asphaltenes were determined by using Thermal Field Flow Fractionation (ThFFF). Thermophoretic mobility (DT) was determined as a measure of transport characteristics. The…
Although the mechanism of cracking of distillate fractions is well-known, the reactions that underlay conversion of the residue fractions of petroleum and bitumen are not well defined. Despite the difficulties in analyzing residue fractions in…
It is a challenge to determine the source and genetic relationship of condensate, waxy and heavy oils in one given complicated petroliferous area, where developed multiple sets of source rocks with different maturity and various chemical features.…
Fractionation of petroleum asphaltene in toluene has been carried out using ultracentrifugation. The separated asphaltenes are examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The radii of gyration and molar mass of the separated asphaltenes range…
Hydrochemical data, compound specific carbon isotope analysis and isotopic enrichment trends in dissolved hydrocarbons and residual electron acceptors have been used to deduce BTEX and MTBE degradation pathways in a fractured chalk aquifer. BTEX…
Two chromatographic methods for the SAR (saturates, aromatics, and resins) separation of crude oil samples are compared. Open column chromatography (OPC) using silica and subsequent elution with heptane, toluene, and toluene/methanol is contrasted…
The predictive ability of partial least squares regression (PLSR) as calibration technique in fluorescence spectroscopy with regard to asphaltene and resin content was explored in some medium and heavy Venezuelan crude oils. These samples dissolved…
A mesophilic enrichment culture of sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from the water phase of a North Sea oil tank using oil from the same tank as sole source of carbon and energy specifically depletes certain C1–C5 alkylbenzenes in crude oil during…
Toxic vapor emissions (TVEs) from crude oil and condensate storage tanks contain volatile organic compounds which are precursors for ground level ozone formation. Vapor recovery units have been proposed for the control of TVEs but come with high…
Understanding the rheological properties of mixtures of heavy oil or bitumen and diluents, specifically at low temperatures, is key in designing different processes employed in the production or transportation of these resources reliably and…
The increasing volume of petroleum products being transported from the Canadian oil sands raises concerns of potential impacts of accidental oil discharges in-land. Understanding the adsorption behavior of petroleum on mineral surfaces is important…