Petroleum refinery has been developed for production of transportation fuel with light alkenes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (abbreviated BTEX), but global market demands are shifting to chemicals produced from light alkenes and…
The U.S. Geological Survey assessed undiscovered unconventional hydrocarbon resources reservoired in the Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) of southern Mississippi and adjacent Louisiana in 2018. As part of the assessment, oil-source rock…
Recently, there has been an interest in solvent extraction for extraction organic matter from oil shale. Heating of oil shale in an inert atmosphere facilitated the extraction of the organic matter by solvent extraction. In this research, shale oil…
Bergamot model mixture and crude bergamot essential oil (CBEO) were fractionated in a perforated rotating disc contactor (PRDC) using as solvents ethanol with 30% (Et30) and 40% (Et40) water, in mass. The apparatus performance was evaluated by…
Since a large amount of sediment organic matter and hydrophobic organic compounds presented in oily sludge sediments in petroleum storage tanks, separation or degradation of these compounds are environmentally important. Therefore, the effect of four…
Fractionation of bio-oil is in favor of upgrading bio-oil to transport fuel or chemicals. The microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta was hydrothermally liquefied to form a bio-oil, which was split into two layers during cooling: the lower layer contained…
This work aims to evaluate the use of petroleum as a solvent in the liquid-liquid extraction of oil and grease content from oilfied produced water. Initially, tests were performed with synthetic effluent, using cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as model…
Over time, crude oil in ship tankers will destabilize where heavier component of crude oil such as emulsified crude oil with sands, are partitioned at the bottom of storage tank. The presence of these components at the bottom of the storage tank such…
This work aims to evaluate the use of petroleum as a solvent in the liquid-liquid extraction of oil and grease content from oilfied produced water. Initially, tests were performed with synthetic effluent, using cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as model…
Tucuma (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) is a native South American palm from the Amazon River drainage region. Tucuma fruits contain edible oils presenting high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in the mesocarp and expressive amounts of saturated fatty…
Over time, crude oil in ship tankers will destabilize where heavier component of crude oil such as emulsified crude oil with sands, are partitioned at the bottom of storage tank. The presence of these components at the bottom of the storage tank such…
Over time, crude oil in ship tankers will destabilize where heavier component of crude oil such as emulsified crude oil with sands, are partitioned at the bottom of storage tank. The presence of these components at the bottom of the storage tank such…
Fractionation of bio-oil is in favor of upgrading bio-oil to transport fuel or chemicals. The microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta was hydrothermally liquefied to form a bio-oil, which was split into two layers during cooling: the lower layer contained…
Separating bio-oil by fractionation with different chemical compositions is a critical step to refine these oils and obtain high-value products. Cold water precipitation of pyrolytic lignin from bio-oil is the most common approach used. However, the…
Natural products in drug discovery are in high demand. Thus, researchers are driven to investigate existing and new technologies for effective separation and fractionation of bioactive compounds for industrial applications. Rosmarinus officinalis L.…
Crude oil contains such an extensive range of compounds that a complete analysis is impossible. Fractionation by chemical properties is often used to simplify analytical handling. This work presents a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)…
The authors have recently presented a new coal fractionation method that can separate a bituminous coal into several fractions, just like petroleum distillation, without decomposing coal. In this paper this method was applied to two bituminous coals…
Bio-oils produced by direct thermal liquefaction often contain heavy components that hinder their utilization as a liquefaction medium. This paper reports a new approach to fractionate the liquefaction bio-oil into a light and a heavy fraction based…
Organics in sludges deposited from two high API, low sulfur and low asphaltenes, paraffinic Libyan crude oils, Sedra C.O. and Hamada C.O. were extracted with toluene using a modified Soxhlet system (MSS). Toluene azeotroped water impurity was…
High-boiling-point petroleum fractions (350C+) are known to be enriched in the most polar compounds such as resins and asphaltenes. Asphaltenes contain molecules of variable aromaticity with different contents of heteroatoms, metals and functional…
New data are reported from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations of fractions obtained from separation of the bulk heptane-asphaltenes into subfractions using toluene-heptane mixtures. The latter indicate that when removing large parts of the…
Purpose: The aims of this research were to extract sugar-based products from oil palm biomass, oil palm fronds (OPFs) and oil palm fruit pressed fibers (FPFs) via a hydrothermal process using accelerated solvent extraction and to identify the sugar…
This study investigates the recycling of used lubricating oil (ULO) by solvent extraction using a ternary solvent consisting of 2-propanol, 1-butanol and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) followed by a vacuum distillation unit. In order to select the best…
Dean Stark and Retort are solvent and thermal fluid extraction methods used for evaluating the water and oil content in unconventional reservoir rocks and for calculating their porosity and pore fluid saturations. Unfortunately, they provide…
This chapter analyzes the solvent extraction and fractionation of algal oil for biodiesel production. Initially the basic thermodynamic principles for the dissolution of materials into solvents are outlines. For a rational design of solvent or…
In this research, a process is discussed for upgrading reformate and power former in Iraq's Al-Doura refinery, by reducing the amount of benzene in the gasoline product with simultaneous reduction in the gasoline's ASTM distillation end point. The…
Polar species in jet fuel, such as phenols, may be responsible for a number of performance characteristics of the fuel. However, because they are present at trace levels in fuels, the isolation and detection of these species is difficult. This work…
Two petroleum residues of different composition were pyrolysed under different experimental conditions to obtain semicokes with a range of aromaticity, mesophase content and optical texture. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the (002) peak, and a…
Pore development and the location of retained hydrocarbons are key topics to understand the shale oil system. In an attempt to investigate pore network characteristics and oil retention in lacustrine shales, 24 samples from the Es3 shales in the…
Over time, crude oil in ship tankers will destabilize where heavier component of crude oil such as emulsified crude oil with sands, are partitioned at the bottom of storage tank. The presence of these components at the bottom of the storage tank such…
Petroleum refinery has been developed for production of transportation fuel with light alkenes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (abbreviated BTEX), but global market demands are shifting to chemicals produced from light alkenes and…