In the past five years, biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals were widely studied both in academia and industry as promising alternatives to petroleum. In this Review, the latest progress of the synthesis and fabrication of porous nanocatalysts…
Crude palm oil (CPO) is the main product of oil palm processing and is obtained through a series of unit operations. In a palm oil mill, the main unit operations involve applying saturated steam in the steriliser and digester. The high temperature…
As an effective anionic surfactant for chemical flooding, petroleum sulfonate (PS) is often used in conjunction with alkalis to reduce the adsorption loss of PS onto rock and clay surfaces. However, alkali injection can lead to scaling, aggravate the…
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is one of vegetable oil obtained by extracting palm fruit mesocarp and has a red color because of the high content of beta carotene. Other bioactive ingredients in CPO include Vitamin E, squalene, and phytosterol found in the…
The quest for developing environment-benign technologies to reduce environmental load has made sustainability a necessary and inevitable criterion. Therefore the past few decades of scientific community efforts have been majorly directly toward the…