At its May 1991 meeting in Williamsburg, Virginia the Executive Board established Task Force 2 under the Environmental Affairs Committee with the following objectives: (i) (ii) (iii) To prepare an inventory of the environmental policies and practices…
Hydrocarbon exploration leads to a collection of stratigraphic, lithologic, rock-properties, hydrodynamic, geothermal, hydrochemical and geochemical data. These data are unevenly distributed, of variable quality, and usually are analyzed separately.…
With the growing gas demand for the coming years and the rising cost of labour and construction, emphasis has been put on improving the economics of gas projects by reducing the Capital and Operations Expenditure. The result of the considerable on…
A bacterial strain able to operate the oxidative cleavage of the C-S bond has been isolated in Eniricerche laboratories. The strain was obtained from a soil formerly contaminated by a heavy crude oil at high content of Sulfur which was cleaned up by…
Multi-disciplinary teams of geoscientists and engineers have been deployed on a series of studies in the North Sea. The purpose of these teams is to employ comprehensive data sets on projects aimed at improving our subsurface predictive…
Future trends in olefin production are characterized by: o Technical improvements of conventional pyrolysis processes, o An increased use of heavy crude oil fractions and, o Efforts to develop new technologies for processing methanol, synthesis gas…
Improved technology and methodology in geophysical surveys in the USSR permit a planned approach to identification and mapping of various types of nonanticlinal traps. The paper reviews most typical exploration targets: reefal features, erosional…
The objective of this paper is to summarize the current status of miscible flooding technology with a focus on reservoir behavior. The results are largely based on Exxon's broad experience in both research and commercial applications of miscible…
Aviation sector faces interesting challenges to guarantee its sustainable development, mainly due to its high growth rate and, as a consequence, the increase in fuel usage and carbon dioxide emissions. Thus ambitious objectives have been proposed to…
Authentication of food has been a significant concern for all members of the food system chain, including consumers, producers, and regulators since ancient times. Due to increasing public awareness regarding food quality and safety. Food…
The characteristics of coal, oil, and gas—which are used as fossil fuels for power generation—including supply and demand trends, and the properties of each fuel are clarified in this chapter. An overview of combustion systems specific to the fuels…
This paper reviews the more important surface active agents manufactured by incorporating petroleum fractions or their derivatives in the molecular structure. Methods of production and chemical properties are outlined, and illustrations given of the…
Water is an essential component of life. However, due to the rapid industrial growth most of the water resources are getting polluted by the harmful and toxic contaminants from industrial effluents. These contaminants may lead to various…
Abrasive machining takes place at numerous cutting edges of indeterminate shape with extremely small real contact areas. These conditions involve substantial rubbing and sticking that cause friction and generate high heat in the contact zone. Heat…
Over the last years major petroleum fields in different regions of the world have been rapidly running out of their resources due to intensive production. Therefore, it is now essential to explore new territories and aquatories where large oil and…
The extensive development of catalytic cracking in petroleum refining greatly contributed to the supply of high quality aviation and motor gasolines. Until recently kerosene-gas oil straightrun fractions were used as the principal feed for catalytic…
The paper discusses both laboratory and field experiments, with emphasis on the latter.Important factors in the flow of oil in a reservoir are its relative mobility and the available dynamic energy. Since mobility is considerably increased by…
lhe prOdUCtiOn 01 crude oil by underground cornDusrion is an intricate ensemble of physical and chemical processes. The roles of these processes have been studied in numerous combustion experiments in the laboratory, and the outcome has been a…
Just like renewables, conventional fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil also have to be stored with capacities of up to grid scales. In some cases, the reserves can satisfy demand for several weeks. The main motive for operating bulk…
Physical aging represents one of the major obstacles towards adoption of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) membranes for gas separation applications. In this work, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of 2D boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and PIM-1…
Biomass is the only carbon-neutral renewable resource for the sustainable production of biofuels. There are three types of biofuels: traditional, hydrocarbon, and fuel additives. Traditional biofuels, such as biodiesel, bio-ethanol, and bio-butanol,…
Organic π-conjugated small molecules have become a promising semiconductor materials to fabricate a variety of organic electronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and sensors, due…
Contaminants found in the natural gas production and transmission industry can lead to many process problems if left unchecked. In this chapter we cover details on the types and origin of industrial contaminants, how to evaluate the nature and amount…
The Government of Canada has implemented measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including a carbon tax and its proposed Clean Fuel Standard. Alberta's Oil Sands industry, arguably one of Canada's largest and most energy intensive industries,…
Introduction methods as in investigating the gasoline fractions.In this case, however, we encounter very great The composition and properties of petroleum difficulties linked with the complex composition fractions constitute a major scientific…
Introduction methods as in investigating the gasoline fractions.In this case, however, we encounter very great The composition and properties of petroleum difficulties linked with the complex composition fractions constitute a major scientific…
First break times (FBT) of P-wave and S-waves picked from three-component (3C) VSP data were used to produce tomographic velocity profiles and Vp/Vs ratio distribution. 3C Eigenvalue rotation is critical for correctly identifying and accurately…
SummaryThe fractional diffusion of the electromagnetic (EM) induction in fractured media is modeled using the 3D finite difference (FD) method in frequency domain. The EM fractional diffusion is one subset of anomalous transport processes, which is…
A 3D petroleum systems model (PSM) of Block 18 in the Sab'atayn basin, onshore western Yemen, was constructed to evaluate the untapped oil and gas potential of the Upper Jurassic Madbi formation. 3D PSM techniques were used to analyze petroleum…
Seismic data in Raudhatain field in Kuwait is strongly contaminated with multiple energy that impairs the image of reservoir reflectors, and challenges the structural as well as the quantitative interpretation of the reservoir. A reliable reservoir…
Maracaibo Lake is one of the most significant petroleum basins in Venezuela. Conventional seismic data recorded in Lake Maracaibo generally shows a significant resolution loss with penetration depth, along with ringing and linear noise from guided…
The efficiency of herbicide applications in agriculture is dependent not only on the toxicity or biological action of active substances on weeds, but also the solubility, volatilization, adherence, penetration, rainfastness, foaming, and drift of the…
Pyrolysis of post-consumer plastics is a promising strategy to recover valuable hydrocarbons from waste streams. In this study, the lumping approach is adopted to model the kinetics of a continuous co-pyrolysis process for low-density polyethylene…
The investigation of the composition of Afterwards, refractometry, in combination with crude oils was already drawing the attention other methods, became the basis of the modern, of outstanding scientists when the fundamental widely-known ring…
The investigation of the composition of Afterwards, refractometry, in combination with crude oils was already drawing the attention other methods, became the basis of the modern, of outstanding scientists when the fundamental widely-known ring…
Fractionation in refining processes can be measured with radioisotopic compounds by means of the schizometeiLa new system employing a flow liquid scintillation counter and the total count method. The counter permits the continuous measurement of the…
Fractionation in refining processes can be measured with radioisotopic compounds by means of the schizometeiLa new system employing a flow liquid scintillation counter and the total count method. The counter permits the continuous measurement of the…
Summary Using the Kepler and Ariel Fields as a case study, this paper discusses the processing challenges and solutions applied to a 4D co-processing of Wide Azimuth Towed Streamer (WATS) on Narrow Azimuth Towed Streamer (NATS) data. Unlike a…
This abstract presents an overview of the IMX beamline at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS), showing some internal developments and improvements that enable 4D tomography of small (~2mm) rock samples. Beamline instrumentation, new…
Separation technologies in natural gas processing cover a wide variety of methods used to separate liquids from liquids, liquids from gases, and three-phase separators (gas, aqueous liquids, and hydrocarbon liquids). In this chapter we cover details…
Catalytic hydrogenation has become an important refining technique in upgrading low quality petroleum distillates to premium fuels. Prior to 1955, only a small proportion of the by-product hydrogen available from catalytic reforming was used for…
Fossil fuel power plants emit large amounts of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere every year. Two strategies can be effectively applied to reduce these emissions, namely, substituting a portion of fossil fuel with biomass for power generation and…
Chemical additives are widely used in all facets of natural gas processing, including production, processing, and transmission. They have a vital role in protecting equipment, reducing power consumption, and increasing process reliability. In this…
Contaminants found in the natural gas industry can be the root cause of numerous process issues including foaming, fouling, corrosion, and solvent re-entrainment that can lead to damage of rotating equipment, poor gas quality, higher energy costs,…
Energy carriers based on fossil fuels created a new perspective in the processing of energy production, depletion of crude oil, growing worldwide consumption of energy and natural gas sources devastate the industries and governments to seek…
The present report describes the precise fractionation of u nziddle distillate fraction iron1 a Kuioait crude oil, and presents structural group analyses of the eight 50C fractions boiling betiueen 350°C and 39OOC by the n -d -M method of van Nes and…
Diagnostics and troubleshooting methods are necessary to understand the root causes of process problems related to contaminants to fully solve them. There are many complex cycles and interactions between different process stages in the natural gas…
A bifunctional Ni3P/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by an electroless plating method and characterized by XRD, XPS, N2 adsorption–desorption, ICP, TEM, CO chemisorption, NH3 TPD, and Py-FTIR. To improve the dispersion of Ni3P on γ-Al2O3, highly…