Integrating sustainability into the process of the supply chain is a paramount challenge for every industry aiming to thrive or survive in this ever-changing world. Sustainability is more relevant for the oil industries because oil is one of the…
We assess the geological and economic viability of underground natural gas storage in Saudi Arabia under different scenarios: with and without LNG imports allowed, and under low and high domestic gas production. Depleted oil fields or aquifers are…
During production of conventional as well as heavy oils, emulsions occur at well bore, in pipelines, and at surface facilities. As the production time of the oil wells increases, there will be an increased coproduction of oil and water in the form of…
The international crude oil maritime transportation system has always been disturbed by the external environment and its own mechanism of supply and demand, which can sometimes last for a long time. BDTI (Baltic Exchange Dirty Tanker Index) is one of…
Reducing the crude oil viscosity is important for the oil production and transportation. The micro–nanotechnology of viscosity reduction associated with electric field is found to be universal, working for all kinds of crude oil, including asphalt…
Wax deposition and gel formation have been crucial problems to the oil industries. The deposition of waxes would lead to gelation which blocks flow in pipelines and interrupts steady production of oil at offshore fields. The plugged gel needs to be…
Maritime transportation, the primary mode for intercontinental movement of crude oil, accounts for 1.7billion tons annually – bulk of which are carried via a fleet of large crude oil tankers. Although spectacular episodes such as Exxon Valdez…
This paper employs the mixed-frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) to assess the causal relationship between geopolitical risk (GPR) and crude oil security (COS) for China. In contrast to prior papers, we regard GPR as an independent variable…
In the development of programs for delivering crude oil to Southern Europe, it is necessary to determine the trends in crude oil delivery and production and to analyze the capabilities of the crude oil transportation system. The global trend towards…
The emulsification of heavy crude oil is the most economical way to transport it through offshore pipelines. In this research article, distinct oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions were developed from an Indian heavy crude oil using…
Superamphiphobic materials are helping with urgent issues due to increasing industrial oil transportation, as well as common oil pollution, which has triggered large interest owing to their high application value and practicability. However, they are…
The oil and gas industry has paid increasing attention to energy consumption and is taking steps to reduce emissions owing to growing environmental concerns. In this study, a method for designing the optimization of crude oil pipelines is proposed to…
International seaborne transport of crude oil takes place mainly on tankers, with annual seaborne crude flows totaling an estimated 12 billion barrels. To take into account the carbon footprint on crude oil from its international distribution…
The growth in bitumen and synthetic crude oil (SCO) production in the Canadian oil sands industry has superseded pipeline capacity growth in recent years, leading to the increased interest in the transport of crude oil by rail to desired markets.…
Petroleum fuels the world economy but also burdens the environment due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Forty percent of annual global crude oil production is transported by ships, which are fueled by residual heavy fuel oil, yet GHG released…
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that U.S. natural gas prices will provide a substantial cost advantage over petroleum products as a transportation fuel during the next 30+ years. Although U.S. natural gas prices closely…
Flows through pipes, such as crude oil through pipelines, are the most common and important method of transportation of fluids. To enhance the flow output through the pipeline requires reducing viscosity and suppressing turbulence simultaneously and…
At present, many petroleum copmpanies in the world are facing processing problems about crude oil extraction, production and refining. For example, conventional pipelines are not suitable for pipelining of extra heavy oils and bitumen from the…
Wax deposition is one of the chronic problems in the petroleum industry. The various crude oils present in the world contain wax contents of up to 32.5%. Paraffin waxes consist of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons with carbons atoms ranging from…
A two-phase heavy crude oil flow with low gas fraction is common in the oil transportation process. However, most of the studies of a gas-liquid flow are based on low viscosity fluid, such as water and light oil
In this work, the flow characteristics of heavy crude oil were investigated by using a rheometer and a lab scale flow loop, respectively. In the experiments of rheometer, there is an approximate linear relationship between the yield stress and the…
This paper discusses an example of the master meter system (MMS), used in the oil and gas industry with the purpose of validating the performance of custody transfer meters. The system can also be used to determine if there are any changes such as…
Emulsions of water-in-oil (W/O) is a very common occurrence in the oil and gas industries. The viscosity and rheological properties of the emulsions are of great interest to the petroleum industry, especially during oil exploitation and…
The high viscosity and low surface tension of heavy crude oils, combined with the low relative permeability of the medium, cause their entrapment in the porous reservoir nets, affecting the oil production. In this work, the effect of two…
The production of crude oil has three stages: formation drive, wellbore lifting, and pipeline transportation. This paper summarizes the application effects of flow improvers within several long-distance pipelines in China. The effects of oil- and…
Many fire or explosion accidents have happened because of the high temperature which is the excellent indicator for risk evaluation caused by an oxidation exothermic reaction of sulfurized rust in the production and transportation of…
Crude oil is one of the basic needs required for humans to ease their life. The quality of crude oil with the lowest wax content is very important, in order to sustain the transportation and production of crude oil from offshore to onshore. Based on…
Nowadays, waxy crude oil becomes one of the major concerns in the oil and gas industry. The waxy crude oil affects the production and transportation of the crude oil from offshore to onshore. Differentiation by image visualization in determining the…
Reducing the viscosity of heavy oil is of great significance in petroleum production and transportation. In this paper, we studied the reduction of viscosity of crude oil under the irradiation of a 532 nm laser in which the variation of current,…
Crude oil rail loadings are objects of considerable hydrocarbon emissions. A mathematical model of the process of oil vapor displacement during the loading of rail tanks is proposed in this article. This model makes it possible to determine…
The composition and structure of pour point depressant/viscosity reducer for pipeline transportation and its application effect in long-distance pipeline transportation in China as well as the application effect of oil-soluble viscosity reducer and…
Accidental crude oil spills over a large water surface can wreck environmental and economic havoc. To mitigate such disasters, timely intervention to contain and recover oil before it spreads is critical. Standard lipophilic sorbents do not work…
The petrochemical supply chain is a worldwide undertaking, where final products will often travel thousands of miles from oil well to gas station pump. Within the crude oil supply chain, various entities compete and attempt to maximize their profits…
The problem of oil spill pollution associated with the transport of crude oil and its products across the globe is of serious concern. The sorption technique has proved to be promising for oil spill treatment but is limited by the hydrophilic nature…
Numerous viscosity predicting models for mixed crude oil at various operating conditions had been established and widely applied in oil industry, but little attention was paid on the mixed viscosity of heavy or extra-heavy oil with a certain amount…
As an important strategic resource, petroleum has an important significance in real-time analysis and detection of its components in the petrochemical industry. With the continuous development of petroleum resources, in the production process of…
The electrically enhanced oil recovery (EEOR) method takes advantage of electrokinetic phenomena. One of the hypothesized underlying mechanisms involved in this method is the reduction of crude oil viscosity due to an applied electrical field and…
Paraffin wax deposition has been a reoccurring problem in transportation of waxy crude oil in the oil industry. Chemical treatment had been the most convenient and economical method for tackling this problem. This paper considered the study on…
The increasing energy demand is persuading oil companies to exploit unconventional reserves of heavy and extra heavy crude oil, which are characterized for their elevated viscosities and upraised production costs. Expensive flow modifiers are often…
Water (W) and oil (O) normally mix during production and while passing through valves and pumps to form a persistent water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, which is a serious restriction in oil production and transporting and refining processes. The objective…
Improving the crude oil properties can solve serious operational problems in oil production and reduce the production costs. In this study, the possibility of improving the quality of an Iranian heavy crude oil sample using two asphaltene-degrading…
For ensuring the safe and stable operation of waxy crude oil pipeline transportation, in this research, the molecular dynamics model was established to characterize the deposition and wall sticking behavior of waxy crude oil multiphase system…
Wax deposition is one of the most expensive flow assurance issues encountered in crude oil production and transportation. It can lead to drastic production loss and ultimately heavy economic losses to E&P companies. Thus, precise prediction for field…
The need for efficient demulsification process to treat emulsions in the petroleum industry is well acknowledged. For decades, numerous researches have been conducted to examine mechanisms of emulsification and demulsification. Untreated emulsion has…
Although the problem of wax deposition in multiphase transportation pipelines have been addressed and some related wax deposition models have been developed in recent years, the complex wax deposition paths derived from the potential variety of flow…
The use of asphaltic crude oil resources as an alternative to offset light oil supplies over the next years has attracted oil field attention. However, its high viscosity greatly impedes the production of asphaltic crude oil from wells and…
Heavy crude oils are complex fluid mixture with a high proportion of asphaltic molecules, sulfur and several heavy metals like nickel, vanadium, and nitrogen. These components will affect negatively transporting viscous crude oil from production…
Wax deposition is a severe flow assurance challenge that threatens waxy crude oil production and transportation. For wax remediation, pipeline pigging is the most widely used technique. However, the elusiveness of wax removal mechanism and the lack…
Human beings face unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic outbreak since the beginning of 2020. This disease started to change economic, social, and individual conventional behaviors. Several economic activities have sharply declined, and demand for…